Behavioral and neural correlates of delay of gratification 40 years later
Behavioral and neural correlates of delay of gratification 40 years later
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1108561108
复制
发表时间：
2011-09-06
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Shoda, Yuichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Casey, B. J.;Somerville, Leah H.;Shoda, Yuichi
我们研究了40年前完成延迟满足任务的学龄前儿童个体自我调节的神经基础。近60名年龄在45岁左右的受试者接受了“热”和“冷”两个版本的Go/Nogo任务的测试，以评估童年延迟满足是否预示着冲动控制能力和对诱人暗示(笑脸)的敏感性。在学龄前阶段延迟满足的能力较差，并且在二三十岁时持续表现出低自控能力的人，在不得不抑制对快乐面孔的反应而不是对中性或恐惧面孔的反应时，表现得比高度延迟的人更差。这一发现表明，对环境热暗示的敏感性在个体抑制对此类刺激的行为的能力中起着重要作用。这些参与者中的一部分(n=26)第一次接受了功能成像，以测试当被要求抑制对诱人暗示的反应时，额纹状体回路的偏向招募。然而，在NOGO和GO试验中，高延迟者的前额叶皮质分化程度更大，而腹侧纹状体在低延迟者中表现出夸大的招募。因此，对诱惑的抵抗力最初是通过延迟满足任务来衡量的，是一种相对稳定的个体差异，它预测了整合动机和控制过程的额纹状体回路中可靠的偏见。
We examined the neural basis of self-regulation in individuals from a cohort of preschoolers who performed the delay-of-gratification task 4 decades ago. Nearly 60 individuals, now in their mid-forties, were tested on "hot" and "cool" versions of a go/nogo task to assess whether delay of gratification in childhood predicts impulse control abilities and sensitivity to alluring cues (happy faces). Individuals who were less able to delay gratification in preschool and consistently showed low self-control abilities in their twenties and thirties performed more poorly than did high delayers when having to suppress a response to a happy face but not to a neutral or fearful face. This finding suggests that sensitivity to environmental hot cues plays a significant role in individuals' ability to suppress actions toward such stimuli. A subset of these participants (n = 26) underwent functional imaging for the first time to test for biased recruitment of frontostriatal circuitry when required to suppress responses to alluring cues. Whereas the prefrontal cortex differentiated between nogo and go trials to a greater extent in high delayers, the ventral striatum showed exaggerated recruitment in low delayers. Thus, resistance to temptation as measured originally by the delay-of-gratification task is a relatively stable individual difference that predicts reliable biases in frontostriatal circuitries that integrate motivational and control processes.