Women's Perceptions and Experiences of Domestic Violence: An Observational Study From Hyderabad, Pakistan.
Women's Perceptions and Experiences of Domestic Violence: An Observational Study From Hyderabad, Pakistan.
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DOI：
10.1177/0886260515585533
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发表时间：
2017-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Goldenberg RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Madhani FI;Karmaliani R;Patel C;Bann CM;McClure EM;Pasha O;Goldenberg RL
这项以社区为基础的观察性研究对 1,325 名接受产前护理的妇女进行了调查，研究了巴基斯坦妇女如何定义针对妇女的暴力行为 (VAW)，重点关注家庭暴力、可接受的暴力反应方式、保持沉默的原因以及参与者是否愿意向他人披露家庭暴力事件。近一半的研究参与者认为身体暴力是暴力侵害妇女行为。言语虐待、丈夫的控制行为、与姻亲的冲突、家务劳动负担过重以及威胁离开或再婚也被视为暴力侵害妇女行为。然而，只有五名受访者（0.4%）认为性虐待属于暴力侵害妇女行为。大多数家庭暴力筛查呈阳性的女性的反应是保持沉默或口头反击。没有人寻求专业帮助。决定保持沉默的女性担心虐待行为会升级，或者回应对她们没有帮助。妇女们将社会耻辱和对暴力对儿童影响的担忧作为不向他人透露暴力事件或寻求专业帮助的原因。妇女缺乏自主权进一步削弱了她们采取措施打击暴力的能力。尽管社会规范，特别是父权信仰和女性对男性的从属地位，可能解释了女性对虐待的容忍，但她们将身体虐待视为暴力表明她们并不一定认为这种行为总是合理的。为了确保妇女的安全，可能需要采取教育干预措施来推动有关性别暴力的社会规范发生变化，并采取有效且可执行的法律措施。
This community-based observational study of 1,325 women seen for antenatal care examined how women in Pakistan define violence against women (VAW), with an emphasis on domestic violence, what an acceptable response to violence is, reasons for remaining silent, and whether participants are willing to disclose incidents of domestic violence to others. Nearly half of the study participants believed that physical violence was VAW. Verbal abuse, controlling behavior by the husband, conflict with in-laws, overburdening domestic work, and threatening to leave or remarry were also considered VAW. However, only five respondents (0.4%) considered sexual abuse to be VAW. Most women who screened positive for domestic violence responded by remaining silent or verbal fighting back. None sought professional help. Women who decided to remain silent feared that the abuse would escalate or that responding would not help them. Women cited social stigma and concerns about the impact of the violence on children as reasons for not disclosing violent incidents to others or seeking professional help. Women’s lack of autonomy further reduced their ability to take steps against violence. Although societal norms, particularly patriarchal beliefs and women’s subordination to men, likely explain women’s tolerance of abuse, their recognition of physical abuse as violence indicates that they do not necessarily believe it is always justified. Educational interventions to drive changes in the social norms around gender violence along with effective and enforceable legal measures are likely required to ensure women’s safety.