Racial/Ethnic Differences in Adolescent Substance Use: Mediation by Individual, Family, and School Factors
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Adolescent Substance Use: Mediation by Individual, Family, and School Factors
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DOI：
10.15288/jsad.2010.71.640
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
D'Amico, Elizabeth J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shih, Regina A.;Miles, Jeremy N. V.;D'Amico, Elizabeth J.
目的：这项研究调查了大约5,500名七年级和八年级学生的不同样本中酒精，香烟和大麻使用的种族/民族差异。我们还评估了在何种程度上，个人，家庭和学校因素介导的种族/民族差异的使用。方法：来自南加州16所参与中学的学生（49%为男性）报告了一生和过去一个月的物质使用情况、个人因素（期望和抵抗自我效能）、家庭因素（家庭主义、父母尊重、成人和年长兄弟姐妹使用）和学校因素（学校年级使用和感知的同伴使用）。我们使用广义估计方程来检查每个种族/民族群体的消费几率，并根据性别、年级和家庭结构进行调整。路径分析模型通过个人、家庭和学校因素来检验种族/民族差异的中介作用。结果如下：在调整性别，年级和家庭结构后，与非西班牙裔白人相比，西班牙裔白人报告了更高的药物使用率，而亚洲人报告了更低的终身药物使用率和上个月的药物使用率。非西班牙裔非洲裔美国人和高加索人之间的物质使用率没有差异。几个单独的因素介导的西班牙裔种族和物质使用之间的关系，包括负面的预期和阻力自我效能。西班牙裔的使用率较高，通常不能用家庭或学校因素来解释。相比之下，有几个因素介导了亚洲种族和低酒精使用之间的关系，包括个人，家庭（父母的尊重，成人和年长的兄弟姐妹使用）和学校（感知同伴使用，学校年级使用）因素。结论：结果突出了针对特定的个人，家庭和学校的因素在量身定制的干预措施，以减少药物使用的少数民族青少年的重要性。(J.酒精药物研究，71，640-651，2010）
Objective: This study examined racial/ethnic differences in alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use among a diverse sample of approximately 5,500 seventh and eighth graders. We also evaluated the extent to which individual, family, and school factors mediated racial/ethnic disparities in use. Method: Students (49% male) from 16 participating middle schools in southern California reported on lifetime and past-month substance use, individual factors (expectancies and resistance self-efficacy), family factors (familism, parental respect, and adult and older sibling use), and school factors (school-grade use and perceived peer use). We used generalized estimating equations to examine the odds of consumption for each racial/ethnic group adjusting for sex, grade, and family structure. Path analysis models tested mediation of racial/ethnic differences through individual, family, and school factors. Results: After adjusting for sex, grade, and family structure, Hispanics reported higher and Asians reported lower lifetime and past-month substance use, compared with non-Hispanic Caucasians. Rates of substance use did not differ between non-Hispanic African Americans and Caucasians. Several individual factors mediated the relationship between Hispanic ethnicity and substance use, including negative expectancies and resistance self-efficacy. Higher use among Hispanics was generally not explained by family or school factors. By contrast, several factors mediated the relationship between Asian race and lower alcohol use, including individual, family (parental respect, adult and older sibling use), and school (perceived peer use, school-grade use) factors. Conclusions: Results highlight the importance of targeting specific individual, family, and school factors in tailored intervention efforts to reduce substance use among young minority adolescents. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 71, 640-651, 2010)