Redistributed manufacturing - challenges for operations management
Redistributed manufacturing - challenges for operations management
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再分配制造——运营管理面临的挑战
DOI：
10.1080/09537287.2018.1540057
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Kapletia D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kapletia D
小规模本地生产技术和材料科学的最新进展，加上数字设计和分析方法的力量，为产品创新者提供了新的机会，可以试验快速原型和高度定制产品的商业化，以服务于现有市场或创造新的利基市场。这些发展包括对本地生产设备和基础设施的适度投资，“盈亏平衡点”较低，以及工程师按订单/按订单生产。这代表了制造业的转型，将从根本上挑战传统的运营管理思维。许多概念有助于代表这一新兴现象，包括（但不限于）“箱中工厂”、“微型工厂”、“数字制造/制造”和“创客空间”生产形式。这场制造业革命的核心是生产技术的创新，如增材制造、生物打印和便携式连续制造装置（化学/制药应用）。这些方法在实体供应链从大规模集中式制造转向小规模分散式制造和不受地理限制的供应链方面具有相似的基本原则和特征。将生产转移到更靠近消费者的地方的能力，为最终用户/受益人提供了一个更迭代的设计参与过程，以获得更精确、响应更灵敏的输出，从而完全满足个性化的消费者需求，而不是传统的大规模生产产品的“推动”和最小的定制。这种现象最近被称为“再分配制造”（RDM），它可以被认为是许多领域的新兴颠覆性创新，为广泛的组织生态系统提供了新的可能性，包括：(I) RDM支持生产技术的原始设备制造商，为小规模（分布多样化的客户群）生产和扩展品种/范围（产品服务系统）提供了新的机会；独特的几何形状或独特的专业材料组合)；（II）使用RDM设备创造新产品、服务和商业模式的用户——包括新的中小企业创新者和现有企业；（三）投入品/原材料供应商；（四）配套技术（硬技术和软技术）的供应商，涵盖拟生产物体的设计、建模和性能仿真。
Recent advances in small-scale local production technologies and materials sciences, combined with the power of digital design and analysis methods, have generated new opportunities for product innovators to experiment with rapid prototyping and commercialisation of highly customised products that serve existing markets or create new niches. These developments involve modest investments in local production equipment and infrastructure with low ‘break even’points and engineer-to-order/make-to-order production runs. This represents a transformation of manufacturing and will challenge traditional operations management thinking in fundamental ways.A number of concepts help to represent this emerging phenomenon, which includes (but are not limited to)‘factory-in-abox’,‘micro-factory’,‘digital manufacturing/fabrication’and ‘makerspace’forms of production. At the heart of this manufacturing revolution are innovations in production technology such as additive manufacturing, bioprinting and portable continuous manufacturing units (chemical/pharma applications). These approaches are characterised by similar fundamental principles and characteristics in terms of a physical supply chain shift away from large-scale centralised manufacture towards small-scale decentralised manufacture and geographically unconstrained supply chains. The ability to relocate production nearer to consumers offers a more iterative design engagement process with end-users/beneficiaries for more precise, responsive outputs that exactly meet personalised consumer requirements, in contrast to the conventional mass manufacturing ‘push’of products and minimal customisation. This phenomenon has been recently characterised by the term ‘Redistributed Manufacturing’(RDM), which can be considered an emerging, disruptive innovation in many sectors, offering new possibilities for a wide-ranging ecosystem of organisations, including:(I) Original Equipment Manufacturers of RDM-enabling production technologies that offer new opportunities for small-scale (distributed diverse customer base) production and extended variety/scope (product-service systems, unique geometric shapes or unique specialised combinations of materials);(II) users of RDM equipment to create new products, services and business models–both new SME innovators and incumbents;(III) inputs/raw materials suppliers; and (IV) suppliers of complementary technologies (hard and soft) covering the design, modelling and performance simulation of objects to be produced.