Screening for simian foamy virus infection by using a combined antigen Western blot assay: evidence for a wide distribution among Old World primates and identification of four new divergent viruses
Screening for simian foamy virus infection by using a combined antigen Western blot assay: evidence for a wide distribution among Old World primates and identification of four new divergent viruses
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DOI：
10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00070-9
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发表时间：
2003-05-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Switzer, WM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hussain, AI;Shanmugam, V;Switzer, WM
猿猴泡沫病毒 (SFV) 属于遗传和抗原多样化的逆转录病毒，可自然感染多种非人类灵长类动物 (NHP)，也可传播给职业接触 NHP 的人类。目前 SFV 感染的血清学检测需要使用两种不同的 SFV 抗原 [SFVAGM（非洲绿猴）和 SFVCFZ（黑猩猩））进行单独的蛋白质印迹 (WB) 检测。然而，这种方法是劳动密集型的，并且验证仅限于少量 NBP。为了促进血清学 SFV 检测，我们开发了一种结合 SFVAGM 和 SFVCPZ 抗原的 WB 检测方法。联合抗原 WB (CA-WB) 检测使用来自 129 个 NW（32 个非洲和亚洲物种）和 16 个人的 145 份血清样本进行了验证，所有这些样本都通过 PCR 确定了已知的 SFV 感染状态。所有 145 份 PCR 阳性或阴性灵长类动物和人类样本均获得了一致的 CA-WB 结果，使该检测具有 100% 的灵敏度和特异性。此外。在人类免疫缺陷病毒或人类 T 细胞淋巴细胞病毒 (HIV/HTLV) 阳性者 (n = 25) 或 HIV/HTLV 阴性美国献血者 (n = 100) 的血清中未观察到反应性。使用 CA-WB 检测，我们筛选了 43 种旧世界灵长类动物的 360 份血清，发现非洲和亚洲灵长类动物的 SFV 患病率约为 68%。我们还从四种血清反应呈阳性的灵长类动物（黑绿猿、黑猿、黑长臂猿、白皮长臂猿和白长臂猿）的血液中分离出了 SFV，此前这些灵长类动物并未感染 SFV。对这些分离株的整合酶序列的系统发育分析证实，所有四种 SFV 都代表新的、独特的和高度分化的谱系。这些结果证明了 CA-WB 检测能够检测大量 NHP 物种的感染，包括以前未表征的不同 SFV 感染。 (C) 2003 年爱思唯尔科学（美国）。版权所有。
Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) belong to a genetically and antigenically diverse class of retroviruses that naturally infect a wide range of nonhuman primates (NHPs) and can also be transmitted to humans occupationally exposed to NHPs. Current serologic detection of SFV infection requires separate Western blot (WB) testing by using two different SFV antigens [SFVAGM (African green monkey) and SFVCFZ (chimpanzee)). However, this method is labor intensive and validation is limited to only small numbers of NBPs. To facilitate serologic SFV testing, we developed a WB assay that combines antigens from both SFVAGM and SFVCPZ. The combined-antigen WB (CA-WB) assay was validated with 145 serum samples from 129 NWs (32 African and Asian species) and 16 humans, all with known SFV infection status determined by PCR. Concordant CA-WB results were obtained for all 145 PCR-positive or -negative primate and human specimens, giving the assay a 100% sensitivity and specificity. In addition. no reactivity was observed in sera from persons positive for human immunodeficiency virus or human T cell lymphotropic virus (HIV/HTLV) (n = 25) or HIV/HTLV-negative U.S. blood donors (n = 100). Using the CA-WB assay, we screened 360 sera from 43 Old World primate species and found an SFV prevalence of about 68% in both African and Asian primates. We also isolated SFV from the blood of four seropositive primates (Allenopithecus nigroviridis, Trachypithecus francoisi, Hylobates pilearus, and H. leucogenys) not previously known to be infected with SFV. Phylogenetic analysis of integrase sequences from these isolates confirmed that all four SFVs represent new, distinct, and highly divergent lineages. These results demonstrate the ability of the CA-WB assay to detect infection in a large number of NHP species, including previously uncharacterized infections with divergent SFVs. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.