Osteoarthritis year in review 2015: mechanics.
Osteoarthritis year in review 2015: mechanics.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.joca.2015.08.018
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Grodzinsky AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Varady NH;Grodzinsky AJ
在多尺度生物力学概念框架的启发下，这篇叙述性综述重点介绍了最近的主要进展，重点是步态和关节运动学，然后是组织水平力学，细胞力学和机械转导，基质力学，最后是基质大分子的纳米尺度力学。从2014年1月到2015年4月，使用PubMed进行了一项文献综述，以确定与骨关节炎(OA)相关的力学方面的主要发展。对膝关节内收、屈曲、旋转和接触力学的研究扩展了我们对内侧间隙负荷的理解。反过来，测量方法的进步表明，半月板和韧带的损伤如何共同改变关节运动学。在组织尺度上，关于半月板和软骨表面区的力学问题已经出现了新的发现。在细胞水平上，软骨细胞变形的孔弹性和孔粘弹性机制已被报道，以及对渗透压力的反应。钙信号在软骨细胞力学生物学中的作用已经有了进一步的发展，包括最近在软骨细胞中表达的机械激活阳离子通道的功能方面的令人兴奋的发现。最后，基于原子力显微镜的纳米流变学系统能够在广泛的加载速率范围内研究薄的小鼠组织和刷状基质分子层，包括与撞击损伤相对应的高速率。由于骨关节炎被认为是关节作为一个器官的一种疾病，了解每个长度尺度上的力学行为有助于阐明细胞生物学、基质生物化学和组织结构/功能之间的联系，这些可能在骨关节炎的病理机制中发挥作用。
Motivated by the conceptual framework of multi-scale biomechanics, this narrative review highlights recent major advances with a focus on gait and joint kinematics, then tissue-level mechanics, cell mechanics and mechanotransduction, matrix mechanics, and finally the nanoscale mechanics of matrix macromolecules. A literature review was conducted from January 2014 to April 2015 using PubMed to identify major developments in mechanics related to osteoarthritis (OA). Studies of knee adduction, flexion, rotation, and contact mechanics have extended our understanding of medial compartment loading. In turn, advances in measurement methodologies have shown how injuries to both the meniscus and ligaments, together, can alter joint kinematics. At the tissue scale, novel findings have emerged regarding the mechanics of the meniscus as well as cartilage superficial zone. Moving to the cell level, poroelastic and poroviscoelastic mechanisms underlying chondrocyte deformation have been reported, along with the response to osmotic stress. Further developments have emerged on the role of calcium signaling in chondrocyte mechanobiology, including exciting findings on the function of mechanically activated cation channels newly found to be expressed in chondrocytes. Finally, AFM-based nano-rheology systems have enabled studies of thin murine tissues and brush layers of matrix molecules over a wide range of loading rates including high rates corresponding to impact injury. With OA acknowledged to be a disease of the joint as an organ, understanding mechanical behavior at each length scale helps to elucidate the connections between cell biology, matrix biochemistry and tissue structure/function that may play a role in the pathomechanics of OA.