Sensitivity of fish embryos to weathered crude oil:: Part I.: Low-level exposure during incubation causes malformations, genetic damage, and mortality in larval Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi)
Sensitivity of fish embryos to weathered crude oil:: Part I.: Low-level exposure during incubation causes malformations, genetic damage, and mortality in larval Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi)
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DOI：
10.1002/etc.5620180317
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Hose, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carls, MG;Rice, SD;Hose, JE
太平洋鲱鱼卵暴露于风化的阿拉斯加北坡原油中 16 天。暴露于初始水体浓度为十亿分之 0.7 (ppb) 的多环芳烃 (PAH) 会导致畸形、遗传损伤、死亡、体型缩小和游泳抑制。低至 0.4 ppb 的水溶液总 PAH 浓度会引起亚致死反应，例如卵黄囊水肿和与过早孵化一致的不成熟反应。对风化程度较低的油（其高分子量 PAH 比例相对较低）的反应通常与风化程度较高的油的反应相似，但观察到的最低有效浓度 (LOEC) 较高 (9.1 ppb)，这证明了成分的重要性。更多风化油的 LOEC (0.4 ppb) 与在粉红鲑鱼 (1.0 ppb) 中观察到的相似，这是一个发育速度非常不同的物种；由此推断，其他物种可能对风化油也同样敏感。我们的方法模拟了埃克森瓦尔迪兹石油 (EVO) 泄漏事件后在威廉王子湾 (PWS) 观察到的情况。生物学效应与 1989 年在 PWS 的胚胎幼体鲱鱼中观察到的结果相同，支持 EVO 对 PWS 的鲱鱼造成重大损害的结论。我们实验室先前证明，大多数畸形或早熟幼虫死亡，证实了泄漏后测量到的幼虫产量下降。
Pacific herring eggs were exposed for 16 d to weathered Alaska North Slope crude oil. Exposure to an initial aqueous concentration of 0.7 parts per billion (ppb) polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) caused malformations, genetic damage, mortality, and decreased size and inhibited swimming. Total aqueous PAH concentrations as low as 0.4 ppb caused sublethal responses such as yolk sac edema and immaturity consistent with premature hatching. Responses to less weathered oil, which had relatively lower proportions of high molecular weight PAH, generally paralleled those of more weathered oil, but lowest observed effective concentrations (LOECs) were higher (9.1 ppb), demonstrating the importance of composition. The LOEC for more weathered oil (0.4 ppb) was similar to that observed in pink salmon (1.0 ppb), a species with a very different development rate; by inference, other species may be similarly sensitive to weathered oil. Our methods simulated conditions observed in Prince William Sound (PWS) following the Exxon Valdez oil (EVO) spill. Biological effects were identical to those observed in embryolarval herring from PWS in 1989 and support the conclusion that EVO caused significant damage to herring in PWS. Previous demonstration by our laboratory that most malformed or precocious larvae die corroborates the decreased larval production measured after the spill.