What causes differences in fracture rates of silcrete during heat treatment? A near-infrared study of water-related transformations in South African silcretes
What causes differences in fracture rates of silcrete during heat treatment? A near-infrared study of water-related transformations in South African silcretes
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是什么原因导致硅混凝土在热处理过程中断裂率存在差异？
DOI：
10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103162
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schmidt, Patrick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Watson, Sara;Nasoordeen, Shezani;Grote, Mark N.;Mackay, Alex;Schmidt, Patrick
关于南部非洲中石器时代热处理的讨论往往集中在这种创新对复杂技术发展和现代人类认知进化的重要性上。关于硅结砾岩热处理背景的争论通常包括所需的时间和资源投资，以及热处理最早出现在考古记录中的时间。然而，硅结砾岩是一种异质材料，这种异质性对热处理过程中发生的热转变的潜在影响还没有得到很好的确定。我们进行了一系列的控制实验，使用直接透射近红外光谱对南非silcretes从多个来源加热到一个范围内的最高温度，以检查的异质性的程度，在开始的结构内容和热转换的演变。我们发现，材料来源是一个重要的决定因素的起始浓度的H2O，SiOH，和孔隙空间的硅结砾岩，以及这些变量的热演化。这些结果揭示了硅结砾岩的结构内容和热行为在热处理过程中的变化的程度和来源，并允许更好地了解硅结砾岩作为原材料的异质性和这对非洲中石器时代烟火技术的影响。
Discussions of heat treatment in the southern African Middle Stone Age often focus on the importance of this innovation to the development of complex technologies and the evolution of modern human cognition. Debates regarding the context of silcrete heat treatment typically include the amount of time and resource investment needed, and when the earliest occurrences of heat treatment appear in the archaeological record. However, silcrete is a heterogeneous material and the potential effects of this heterogeneity on the thermal transformations that occur during heat treatment are not well established. We undertook a series of controlled experiments using direct transmission near-infrared spectroscopy on South African silcretes from multiple sources heated to a range of maximum temperatures to examine the degree of heterogeneity in starting structural content and the evolution of thermal transformations. We found that material source is an important determinant of starting concentrations of H2O, SiOH, and pore space in silcrete, as well as the thermal evolution of these variables. These results shed light on the degree and sources of variation in the structural content and thermal behavior of silcrete during heat treatment and allow for a better understanding of the heterogeneity of silcrete as a raw material and the implications of this for African Middle Stone Age pyrotechnology.
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DOI：
10.1130/spe132-p1
发表时间：
1969
期刊：
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
影响因子：
--
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
GRAETSCH, H;FLORKE, OW;MIEHE, G
通讯作者：
MIEHE, G
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影响因子：
1.4
作者：
P. Schmidt;C. Lauer;Gerald Buck;C. Miller;K. Nickel
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K. Nickel
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Brown, Kyle S.;Marean, Curtis W.;Bernatchez, Jocelyn
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Bernatchez, Jocelyn