Model-Based Vehicle-Miles Traveled and Emission Evaluation of On-Demand Food Delivery Considering the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
Model-Based Vehicle-Miles Traveled and Emission Evaluation of On-Demand Food Delivery Considering the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
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DOI：
10.1177/03611981231169276
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发表时间：
2023-05-30
影响因子：
1.7
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中科院分区：
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按需食品配送（ODFD）市场大幅增长，尤其是在COVID-19疫情期间。对于交通和环境机构来说，了解ODFD如何重塑人们的出行模式，影响车辆行驶里程（VMT）以及交通系统中的污染物排放至关重要。然而，由于缺乏来自食品配送公司的公共数据，量化按需配送对现实世界交通网络的影响具有挑战性。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个全面的框架，以量化VMT和ODFD所产生的排放量有三个主要组成部分：（i）日常活动生成工具，综合计量经济学微观模拟器的日常活动-出行模式，以创建一个模拟场景的ODFD行为的基础上，在城市的滨江，加州的现实世界的道路网络和人口统计;（ii）一个有效的订单调度和路由算法，自适应大邻域搜索，以获得高质量的订单调度和路由计划;（iii）一个排放评估模型，排放因子（EMFAC），以评估所有与用餐相关的行程的污染物排放。评估COVID-19疫情的短期及长期影响。实验结果表明，ODFD具有很大的潜力，以减少与餐饮相关的VMT和排放。疫情期间的餐饮相关VMT总量下降38%，疫情后的餐饮相关VMT总量下降6%至9%，相应的环境影响相应减少。与此同时，随着更多电动汽车参与食品配送，排放量大幅减少。凭借100%电动运输车队，ODFD服务可于COVID-19疫情后节省14%至22%的排放。
The market for on-demand food delivery (ODFD) has increased considerably, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is crucial for transportation and environmental agencies to understand how ODFD has reshaped the travel patterns of people, affecting vehicle-miles traveled (VMT) as well as pollutant emissions in the transportation system. However, the lack of public data from food delivery companies makes it challenging to quantify the impact of on-demand delivery on the real-world transportation network. In this research, we propose a comprehensive framework to quantify the VMT and emissions incurred by ODFD with three main components: (i) a daily activity generation tool, Comprehensive Econometric Micro-simulator for Daily Activity-travel Patterns, to create a simulation scenario of ODFD behaviors based on a real-world roadway network and population demographics in the City of Riverside, California; (ii) an efficient order dispatching and routing algorithm, adaptive large neighborhood search, to obtain a high quality order dispatching and routing plan; (iii) an emission evaluation model, emission factor (EMFAC), to evaluate pollutant emissions from all dining-related trips. Both short-term and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are evaluated. Experimental results show that ODFD has great potential to reduce the dining-related VMT and emissions. The total dining-related VMT in the during-pandemic case decreased by 38% and in the after-pandemic case reduced by 6% to 9%, and the corresponding environmental impacts were reduced accordingly. Meanwhile, emissions reduced significantly with more electric vehicles involved in food delivery. With 100% electric delivery fleet, the ODFD service can save 14% to 22% of emissions after the COVID-19 pandemic.