CONTRIBUTION OF MUSCLE AFFERENTS TO KINESTHESIA SHOWN BY VIBRATION INDUCED ILLUSIONS OF MOVEMENT AND BY EFFECTS OF PARALYZING JOINT AFFERENTS
CONTRIBUTION OF MUSCLE AFFERENTS TO KINESTHESIA SHOWN BY VIBRATION INDUCED ILLUSIONS OF MOVEMENT AND BY EFFECTS OF PARALYZING JOINT AFFERENTS
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DOI：
10.1093/brain/95.4.705
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发表时间：
1972-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
MATTHEWS, PB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GOODWIN, GM;MCCLOSKEY, DI;MATTHEWS, PB
他认为，这表明“我们对视觉轴方向的判断是形成的，就好像意志产生了正常的效果……由于瘫痪眼睛的视网膜上的图像位置没有发生变化，我们得到的印象是，这些物体似乎共享了眼睛的运动。”Sherrington（1900, 1918）认为Helmholtz的论点是无效的，但后来的工人普遍没有感受到Sherrington反对的力量，而倾向于站在Helmholtz一边。这一点尤其如此，因为研究低等动物的工人后来发现，通过手术旋转眼睛（膨胀的鱼）或头部（昆虫）会导致动物重复盘旋运动；人们认为这些运动的正确目的是维持动物眼中世界的稳定，但随着视觉图像的倒置，运动的效果恰恰相反，因此运动无限期地进行下去。Sperry（1950）为神经活动引入了“必然放电”一词，他认为这种神经活动可能是他自己在鱼身上的行为发现的基础；他是这样说的：
This, he felt, showed that" our judgement as to the direction of the visual axis is formed as if the will had produced its normal effects... and since no change has taken place in the positions of the images on the retina of the paralysed eye, we get the impression as if the objects shared the supposed movements of the eye." Sherrington (1900, 1918) thought that Helmholtz's arguments were invalid, but later workers have generally failed to feel the force of Sherrington's objections and have preferred to side with Helmholtz. This was particularly so because workers on lower animals subsequently found that surgically rotating the eye (swell fish) or the head (insects) would cause the animal to perform repeated circling movements; these were thought to have as their proper purpose the maintenance of the stability of the world as seen by the animal, but with inversion of the visual image the movements had precisely the opposite effect and so the movements were kept going indefinitely. Sperry (1950) introduced the term" corollary discharge" for the neural activity which he suggested might underlie his own behavioural findings on fish; he did so in the following words: