The biogeochemical role of Actinobacteria in Altamira Cave, Spain
The biogeochemical role of Actinobacteria in Altamira Cave, Spain
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01391.x
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Saiz-Jimenez, Cesareo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cuezva, Soledad;Fernandez-Cortes, Angel;Saiz-Jimenez, Cesareo
西班牙北方的阿尔塔米拉洞穴的墙壁和天花板上涂满了不同颜色的斑点（黄色、白色和灰色）。电镜观察表明灰斑由细菌和生物诱导的CaCO 3晶体组成。斑点的形态显示了一个密集的网络微生物组织在明确的径向和树枝状的发散分支从中心区域向外部的斑点，这是覆盖的球形元素的CaCO 3和CaCO 3巢状聚集体。分子分析表明，灰色斑点主要是由放线菌属的一种未知物种形成的。在被灰色斑点严重覆盖的岩石中进行的二氧化碳排放测量证实，细菌形成的斑点促进了洞穴中大量气体的吸收。细菌可以利用捕获的CO2溶解岩石，随后在较低湿度和/或CO2的时期产生CaCO 3晶体。这些灰色斑点的形成，支持扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜的数据，提出了一个试探性的模型。
The walls and ceiling of Altamira Cave, northern Spain, are coated with different coloured spots (yellow, white and grey). Electron microscopy revealed that the grey spots are composed of bacteria and bioinduced CaCO 3 crystals. The morphology of the spots revealed a dense network of microorganisms organized in well-defined radial and dendritic divergent branches from the central area towards the exterior of the spot, which is coated with overlying spheroidal elements of CaCO 3 and CaCO 3 nest-like aggregates. Molecular analysis indicated that the grey spots were mainly formed by an unrecognized species of the genus Actinobacteria. CO 2 efflux measurements in rocks heavily covered by grey spots confirmed that bacteria-forming spots promoted uptake of the gas, which is abundant in the cave. The bacteria can use the captured CO 2 to dissolve the rock and subsequently generate crystals of CaCO 3 in periods of lower humidity and/or CO 2. A tentative model for the formation of these grey spots, supported by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy data, is proposed.