A critical review about generic subaerial landslide-tsunami experiments and options for a needed step change
A critical review about generic subaerial landslide-tsunami experiments and options for a needed step change
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DOI：
10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104459
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发表时间：
2023-05
影响因子：
12.1
通讯作者：
V. Heller;G. Ruffini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Heller;G. Ruffini
空中滑坡-海啸(SLT)是由大量运动产生的，如山体滑坡、崩塌、冰川崩解和雪崩，影响到湖泊、水库、峡湾和海洋。过去的SLT达到了高达524米的高度，再加上相关现象和部分被淹没的山体滑坡产生的海啸，导致累计死亡人数超过58000人。对SLT的一般性实验研究，即旨在预测一系列情景的SLT的研究，几十年来一直在进行。然而，在物理理解、类似研究之间的海浪预报准确性和危险评估的可靠性方面的进步并不能完全反映已发表的大量通用同行审评工作，特别是在2005年之后。因此，需要在通用SLT研究方面进行一次阶段性的改变。这篇文章批判性地回顾了SLT的研究，重点是来自实验室和数值测试的通用经验方程。介绍了过去SLT病例的主要特征，回顾了影响SLT的相关参数，并列出了76项研究中最相关的条件，包括10项里程碑式的研究。本文进一步综述了质量运动类型和滑动模式、滑动到波浪的能量传递、波浪类型、水体几何形状和非均匀水深的影响、频域分析、边缘波和分析成果等方面的研究成果。还强调了围绕通用经验公式的研究差距和不足。然后提出了有助于实现阶段性变化的选项。其中包括Korteweg-de Vries和Kadomtsev-Petviashvili方程、普遍适用的数字代码、机器学习和组合。
Subaerial landslide-tsunamis (SLTs) are generated by mass movements such as landslides, rockfalls, glacier calving and snow avalanches impacting into lakes, reservoirs, fjords and the sea. Past SLTs reached runup heights of up to 524 m and are responsible, in combination with associated phenomena and tsunamis generated by partially submerged landslides, for a cumulative death toll in excess of 58000. Generic experimental research into SLTs, i.e. studies intended to predict SLTs for a range of scenarios, is ongoing for many decades. However, the advancement in the physical understanding, the wave prediction accuracy between similar studies and the reliability of hazard assessments does not fully reflect the large number of published generic peer-review work, particularly after 2005. A step change in generic SLT research is therefore needed. This article critically reviews SLT research with a focus on generic empirical equations from laboratory and numerical tests. Key features of past SLT cases are presented, relevant parameters affecting SLTs are reviewed and the most relevant conditions of 76 studies involving 6481 experiments, are listed including 10 milestone studies. This article further reviews findings into the effects of the mass movement type and slide model, slide to wave energy transfer, wave types, the effects of the water body geometry and non-uniform bathymetry, frequency domain analysis, edge waves and analytic achievements. Research gaps and shortcomings around generic empirical equations are also highlighted. Options to contribute to a step change are then suggested. These include the Korteweg-de Vries and Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations, a generally applicable numerical code, machine learning and combinations.