Who actually receives cell phone use while driving citations and how much are these laws enforced among states? A descriptive, cross-sectional study.
Who actually receives cell phone use while driving citations and how much are these laws enforced among states? A descriptive, cross-sectional study.
复制标题
谁实际上在驾驶引用时会收到手机使用，这些法律在各州之间执行了多少？描述性的横断面研究。
DOI：
10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011381
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发表时间：
2016-06-14
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Zhu M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rudisill TM;Zhu M
虽然各州已经通过了许多开车时使用手机的法律，但很少有关于谁因这些交通违规而被引用以及这些法律在美国各州的执行程度的信息。横断面、描述性研究。14个州和哥伦比亚特区。从2007年到2013年，在包括州在内的州，开车时使用手机的人受到了传票。评估被引司机的人口学特征。计算了每年每10万名有执照的州内司机在驾驶时使用各种手机的违规率。司机违规使用手机（n= 250万）比发短信（n= 14682）或年轻司机禁止使用手机（n=342）要多。在提供所有交通违规数据的州中，开车时使用手机的罚单占所有书面罚单的1%。不考虑禁令类型，男性（68.2%）被引用的频率高于女性。25-64岁的司机（90.8%）更有可能使用手持电话。从2010年到2013年，每10万名有执照的州内司机的平均违规率为：发短信禁令5.8例，手持禁令2607例，交通违规9954例。在被传唤的司机中，违反禁令的类型存在年龄和性别差异。州一级的执法似乎寥寥无几。由于在美国开车时使用手机的潜在严重后果，可能需要更多的执法和有针对性的公共安全运动。
While numerous cell phone use while driving laws have been passed among states, little information exists regarding who gets cited for these traffic infractions and how much these laws are enforced at the state-level within the USA. Cross-sectional, descriptive study. 14 states and the District of Columbia. Those receiving cell phone use while driving citations within included states from 2007 to 2013. Demographic characteristics of cited drivers were assessed. Rates of infractions per 100 000 licensed in-state drivers per year for various cell phone use while driving violations were calculated. Drivers were cited for hand-held use violations (n=2.5 million) more than texting (n=14 682) or young driver all cell phone bans (n=342). Among states that provided data for all traffic violations, cell phone use while driving citations comprised 1% of all written citations. Regardless of ban type, males (68.2%) were cited more frequently than females. Drivers 25–64 years of age (90.8%) were more likely to be cited for hand-held phone use. The average yearly rate of infractions per 100 000 licensed in-state drivers from 2010–2013 was 5.8 for texting bans, 2607 for hand-held bans, and 9954 for any traffic violation. Among cited drivers, age and sex differences existed by the type of ban violated. State-level enforcement appeared sparse. Due to the potential serious consequences of cell phone use while driving in the USA, more enforcement and targeted public safety campaigns are likely needed.