Smart Operation of Electric Vehicles With Four-Quadrant Chargers Considering Uncertainties
Smart Operation of Electric Vehicles With Four-Quadrant Chargers Considering Uncertainties
复制标题
考虑不确定性的四象限充电器电动汽车智能运行
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
9.6
通讯作者：
Mehrdad Kazerani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nafeesa Mehboob;M. Restrepo;C. Cañizares;C. Rosenberg;Mehrdad Kazerani
考虑到电动汽车充电对电网的预期影响，考虑到电动汽车的不确定性，并考虑公用事业公司和电动汽车所有者的观点，提出了一种新型的两步法，用于在初级配电馈线中安装四象限充电器的电动汽车的智能运行。在该方法的第一步，考虑到电动汽车与电网之间的双向有功和无功交易，确定了馈线的平均日峰值需求和相应的小时馈线控制计划，如抽头和开关电容设定值。使用非参数自举技术，结合基于遗传算法的优化模型，来考虑EV的不确定性和离散变量。在第二步中，每隔几分钟以对电动汽车公平的方式计算每个节点上可给予连接的电动汽车的最大可能功率，同时提供有功和/或无功功率以维持峰值需求值和相应的馈线调度计划，在第一步中定义。考虑到显著的电动汽车渗透率水平，使用加拿大安大略省一个真实主馈线的配电馈线模型验证了所提出的方法。结果表明，该方法可以在实际应用中实现电动汽车的正常运行，满足馈线和峰值需求约束，在分接操作次数、系统峰值需求和电压调节方面优于常规做法或流行的启发式方法。
Given the expected impact of electric vehicle (EV) charging on power grids, this paper presents a novel two-step approach for the smart operation of EVs with four-quadrant chargers in a primary distribution feeder, accounting for the uncertainties associated with EVs, and considering the perspectives of both the utility and the EV owners. In the first step of the proposed approach, the mean daily feeder peak demand and corresponding hourly feeder control schedules, such as taps and switched capacitor setpoints, considering the bidirectional active and reactive power transactions between EVs and the grid, are determined. A nonparametric bootstrap technique is used, in conjunction with a genetic algorithm-based optimization model, to account for EV uncertainties and discrete variables. In the second step, the maximum possible power that can be given to connected EVs at each node, while providing active and/or reactive power to maintain the peak demand value and corresponding feeder dispatch schedules defined in the first step, is computed every few minutes in a way which is fair to the EVs. The proposed approach is validated using the distribution feeder model of a real primary feeder in Ontario, Canada, considering significant EV penetration levels. The results show that the proposed approach could be implemented in practice to properly operate EVs, satisfying feeder, and peak demand constraints, which would be better than the business-as-usual practice or a popular heuristic method in terms of number of tap operations, system peak demand, and voltage regulation.