Reward can modulate attentional capture, independent of top-down set.
Reward can modulate attentional capture, independent of top-down set.
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DOI：
10.3758/s13414-015-0958-6
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发表时间：
2015-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Theeuwes J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Munneke J;Hoppenbrouwers SS;Theeuwes J
外源性和内源性注意控制之间的传统区别最近被一种称为“选择历史”的额外控制模式所丰富。例如，最近的研究结果表明，先前受到奖励或惩罚的刺激比它们的物理属性所预测的要吸引更多的注意力。因此，与某些刺激相关联的值调节注意力捕获。这种特殊的影响也表现在内源性注意上。虽然最近的线索已经出现，阐明了奖励的影响，外源性和内源性的注意，它仍然不清楚在何种程度上外源性的注意是由奖励调制时，内源性的注意已经部署。我们使用了一个波斯纳线索任务，其中外源性和内源性线索，以指导注意。至关重要的是，外生线索也表明了奖励价值。也就是说，外生线索的颜色表明在给定的试验中可以获得多少奖励。结果表明，内源性和外源性注意的主要影响（即，与无效时相比，当任一提示有效时加快了反应时间）。最重要的是，外源性线索的有效性和奖励水平之间的相互作用进行了观察，表明奖励为基础的联想学习过程迅速影响注意捕获，即使内源性注意已经积极部署。
The traditional distinction between exogenous and endogenous attentional control has recently been enriched with an additional mode of control, termed “selection history.” Recent findings have indicated, for instance, that previously rewarded or punished stimuli capture more attention than their physical attributes would predict. As such, the value that is associated with certain stimuli modulates attentional capture. This particular influence has also been shown for endogenous attention. Although recent leads have emerged, elucidating the influences of reward on exogenous and endogenous attention, it remains unclear to what extent exogenous attention is modulated by reward when endogenous attention is already deployed. We used a Posner cueing task in which exogenous and endogenous cues were presented to guide attention. Crucially, the exogenous cue also indicated the reward value. That is, the color of the exogenous cue indicated how much reward could be obtained on a given trial. The results showed main effects of endogenous and exogenous attention (i.e., speeded reaction times when either cue was valid, as compared to when it was invalid). Crucially, an interaction between exogenous cue validity and reward level was observed, indicating that reward-based associative-learning processes rapidly influence attentional capture, even when endogenous attention has been actively deployed.