The effect of controlled photopigment excitations on pupil aperture
The effect of controlled photopigment excitations on pupil aperture
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受控感光色素激发对瞳孔孔径的影响
DOI：
10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00754.x
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
J. L. Rohellec
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Viénot;Solenne Bailacq;J. L. Rohellec
除了视杆细胞和视锥细胞外，人类视网膜还含有黑视蛋白，最近在身体和一些神经节细胞的树突中发现了黑视蛋白。本质光敏视网膜神经节细胞（ipRGC）是用于控制紧张性瞳孔孔径的良好候选者，但它们的光谱灵敏度接近作为其他候选者的视杆细胞和S-视锥细胞的光谱灵敏度。我们的研究旨在确定刺激瞳孔反应时，亮度是恒定的，光的光谱变化。一个灯亭配备了五种颜色的发光二极管（LED）：蓝色，青色，绿色，橙子和红色。可以调节每种LED类型的强度以控制光谱。制备照明对，确保一种受体类型的激发和其他受体类型的沉默取代的排他性变化。由于激发的可能受控变化的范围很窄，我们还准备了照明对，以确保对亮度的无声替代，而不是对L视锥和M视锥的独立替代。在对每种照明适应一分钟后拍摄观察者眼睛的照片，并测量瞳孔与虹膜直径的比率。在单独的视杆细胞、黑视蛋白或S锥细胞激发的变化下，未观察到差异性瞳孔反应。只有在有或没有杆的并发变化的情况下，才能获得具有足够高对比度的黑视素刺激的变化的差分瞳孔响应。
In addition to rods and cones, the human retina contains melanopsin which has been identified recently in the body and dendrites of a few ganglion cells. The intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are good candidates for controlling the tonic pupil aperture but their spectral sensitivity is close to those of rods and S‐cones which are other candidates. Our study aims at identifying the stimulus for the pupil response when the luminance is constant and the spectrum of the light changes. A light booth was equipped with five types of coloured light emitting diodes (LEDs): Blue, Cyan, Green, Orange and Red. The intensity of each LED type could be adjusted to control the light spectrum. Illumination pairs were prepared ensuring the exclusive variation of excitation of one receptor type and silent substitution for others. Because the range of the possible controlled changes of excitation was narrow, we also prepared illumination pairs ensuring silent substitution for luminance rather than for L‐cones and M‐cones independently. Photographs of the observer’s eyes were taken following one minute of adaptation to each illumination and the ratio of pupil to iris diameter was measured. No differential pupillary response was observed with a variation of rod, melanopsin or S‐cone excitation alone. A differential pupillary response could only be obtained with a variation of the melanopsin stimulus of sufficient high contrast with or without a concurrent variation of rods.