Rapid bacterial colonization of low-density polyethylene microplastics in coastal sediment microcosms.
Rapid bacterial colonization of low-density polyethylene microplastics in coastal sediment microcosms.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12866-014-0232-4
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发表时间：
2014-09-23
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Osborn AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harrison JP;Schratzberger M;Sapp M;Osborn AM
合成微塑料（≤ 5 mm碎片）是一种新出现的环境污染物，已发现在全球沿海海洋沉积物中积累。微塑料碎片的生态影响和命运才刚刚开始被揭示，以前对这些主题的研究主要集中在高等生物和/或远洋环境。尽管最近对海水中与塑料相关的微生物进行了研究，但尚未研究微塑料在底栖生境中的微生物定植。因此，我们采用了一个为期14天的微观实验，以调查低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）微塑料在三种类型的沿海海洋沉积物从Spurn点，亨伯河口，英国的细菌定植。通过扫描电子显微镜和催化报告沉积荧光原位杂交（CARD-FISH）证明了沉积物内细菌附着到LDPE上。LDPE相关细菌的16S rRNA基因丰度的对数倍增加发生在7天内，LDPE表面上的16S rRNA基因数量在沉积物类型之间存在显著差异，如定量PCR所示。终端限制性片段长度多态性（T-RFLP）分析表明，快速选择的LDPE相关的细菌组合，其结构和组成显着不同，从周围的沉积物。此外，T-RFLP分析揭示了演替收敛的LDPE相关的社区从不同的沉积物在14天的实验。克隆的16S rRNA基因的测序表明，这些社区占主导地位的Arcobacter和Colwellia属14天后（共84 - 93%的序列）。Colwellia spp.通过CARD-FISH确认沉积物中的LDPE。这些结果表明，沿海海洋沉积物中的细菌可以迅速定植在LDPE微塑料上，并有证据表明塑料球特异性细菌组合的连续形成。虽然这些组合的分类组成可能是不同的海洋沉积物和水柱，Arcobacter和Colwellia属。以前与低温海洋环境中碳氢化合物污染物的降解有关。由于在海水中的塑料碎片上也发现了碳氢化合物降解细菌，我们的数据表明，微塑料上的碳氢化合物降解细菌的招募可能代表了底栖和远洋海洋栖息地之间的共同特征。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12866 - 014 - 0232 - 4）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Synthetic microplastics (≤5-mm fragments) are emerging environmental contaminants that have been found to accumulate within coastal marine sediments worldwide. The ecological impacts and fate of microplastic debris are only beginning to be revealed, with previous research into these topics having primarily focused on higher organisms and/or pelagic environments. Despite recent research into plastic-associated microorganisms in seawater, the microbial colonization of microplastics in benthic habitats has not been studied. Therefore, we employed a 14-day microcosm experiment to investigate bacterial colonization of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) microplastics within three types of coastal marine sediment from Spurn Point, Humber Estuary, U.K. Bacterial attachment onto LDPE within sediments was demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridisation (CARD-FISH). Log-fold increases in the abundance of 16S rRNA genes from LDPE-associated bacteria occurred within 7 days with 16S rRNA gene numbers on LDPE surfaces differing significantly across sediment types, as shown by quantitative PCR. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis demonstrated rapid selection of LDPE-associated bacterial assemblages whose structure and composition differed significantly from those in surrounding sediments. Additionally, T-RFLP analysis revealed successional convergence of the LDPE-associated communities from the different sediments over the 14-day experiment. Sequencing of cloned 16S rRNA genes demonstrated that these communities were dominated after 14 days by the genera Arcobacter and Colwellia (totalling 84–93% of sequences). Attachment by Colwellia spp. onto LDPE within sediments was confirmed by CARD-FISH. These results demonstrate that bacteria within coastal marine sediments can rapidly colonize LDPE microplastics, with evidence for the successional formation of plastisphere-specific bacterial assemblages. Although the taxonomic compositions of these assemblages are likely to differ between marine sediments and the water column, both Arcobacter and Colwellia spp. have previously been affiliated with the degradation of hydrocarbon contaminants within low-temperature marine environments. Since hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria have also been discovered on plastic fragments in seawater, our data suggest that recruitment of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria on microplastics is likely to represent a shared feature between both benthic and pelagic marine habitats. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0232-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
CARPENTER, EJ;SMITH, KL
通讯作者：
SMITH, KL
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Claessens, Michiel;De Meester, Steven;Janssen, Colin R.
通讯作者：
Janssen, Colin R.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Ashelford, Kevin E.;Chuzhanova, Nadia A.;Weightman, Andrew J.
通讯作者：
Weightman, Andrew J.
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2008.0205
发表时间：
2009-07-27
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Barnes, David K. A.;Galgani, Francois;Barlaz, Morton
通讯作者：
Barlaz, Morton
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
CARPENTE.EJ;ANDERSON, SJ;HARVEY, GR
通讯作者：
HARVEY, GR