Characteristics of injection drug users who participate in drug dealing: Implications for drug policy
Characteristics of injection drug users who participate in drug dealing: Implications for drug policy
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DOI：
10.1080/02791072.2008.10400624
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Wood, Evan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kerr, Thomas;Small, William;Wood, Evan
所谓的“平衡”毒品政策将针对毒贩的执法举措与针对成瘾者的注重健康的干预措施结合起来。对这种方法的评估很少，对这两个种群如何重叠也知之甚少。我们评估了加拿大温哥华注射吸毒者（IDUs）中与毒品交易相关的因素，并检查了自我报告的毒品交易角色和交易原因。在2005年3月至12月期间发现的412名注射吸毒者中，68名（17%）在过去6个月中曾从事毒品交易。与毒品交易独立相关的变量包括：近期监禁（调整后优势比[AOR] = 2.9; 95%CI: 1.4 - 6.0）；频繁注射海洛因（AOR = 2.5; 95%CI: 1.4 ~ 4.6）；频繁注射可卡因（AOR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.1 ~ 3.8）；近期用药过量（AOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.0 - 7.3）。最常见的毒品交易角色是直销（82%）、中间人（35%）和指导（19%），而最常见的交易原因包括获取毒品（49%）和金钱（36%）。吸毒成瘾者之间的毒品交易可通过多个高强度成瘾标记进行预测，吸毒成瘾者倾向于占据毒品交易层级中最危险的位置。这些发现表明，“平衡”药物政策的要素可能相互破坏，并表明需要替代干预措施。
So-called "balanced" drug policy couples enforcement initiatives targeting drug dealers with health-focused interventions serving addicted individuals. There are few evaluations of this approach, and little is known about how these two populations may overlap. We evaluated factors associated with drug dealing among injection drug users (IDUs) in Vancouver, Canada, and examined self-reported drug-dealing roles and reasons for dealing. Among 412 IDUs seen from March through December 2005, 68 (17%) had dealt drugs during the previous six months. Variables independently associated with drug dealing included: recent incarceration (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.9; 95%CI: 1.4 - 6.0); frequent heroin injection (AOR = 2.5; 95%CI: 1.4 - 4.6); frequent cocaine injection (AOR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.1 - 3.8); and recent overdose (AOR = 2.7; 95 %CI: 1.0 - 7.3). The most common drug-dealing roles were direct selling (82%), middling (35%), and steering (19%), while the most common reasons for dealing included obtaining drugs (49%) and money (36%). Drug dealing among IDUs was predicted by several markers of higher intensity addiction, and drug-dealing IDUs tended to occupy the most dangerous positions in the drug-dealing hierarchy. These findings suggest that elements of "balanced" drug policies may undermine each other and indicate the need for alternative interventions.