Novel functions for small RNA molecules.
Novel functions for small RNA molecules.
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发表时间：
2009-12
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通讯作者：
Chunxiang Zhang
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作者：
Chunxiang Zhang
小RNA是短的（约18至30个核苷酸）非编码RNA分子，可通过转录后基因沉默（PTGS）、染色质依赖性基因沉默（CDGS）或RNA激活（RNAa）调节细胞质和细胞核中的基因表达。小分子RNA分为三类：microRNA（miRNAs）、siRNA和Piwi相互作用RNA（piRNAs）。研究表明，小RNA在细胞分化、生长/增殖、迁移、凋亡/死亡、代谢和防御等细胞过程中发挥重要作用。因此，小RNA是正常发育和生理的关键调节因子。更有趣的是，越来越多的证据表明，小RNA参与多种疾病的发病机制，包括癌症、心血管疾病、中风、神经退行性疾病、糖尿病、肝病、肾病和传染病。目前正在进行20多项临床试验，以评估基于小RNA的疗法。此外，小RNA可以作为大多数疾病的新生物标志物和治疗靶点。
Small RNAs are short (approximately 18 to 30 nucleotides), non-coding RNA molecules that can regulate gene expression in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus via post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), chromatin-dependent gene silencing (CDGS) or RNA activation (RNAa). Three classes of small RNAs have been defined: microRNAs (miRNAs), siRNAs and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Research has indicated that small RNAs play important roles in cellular processes such as cell differentiation, growth/proliferation, migration, apoptosis/death, metabolism and defense. Accordingly, small RNAs are critical regulators of normal development and physiology. More interestingly, increasing evidence indicates that small RNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, stroke, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes, liver disease, kidney disease and infectious disease. More than 20 clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate therapies based on small RNA. Additionally, small RNAs may serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the majority of diseases.