Voltage clamp techniques
Voltage clamp techniques
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电压钳技术
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Standen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Halliwell;N. Standen
我们对细胞膜中离子通道特性的了解大多来自于使用电压钳的实验。一般来说，该方法允许离子流通过细胞膜被测量为电流，而膜电压保持在一个反馈放大器的实验控制下。该方法最初由Cole（1949）和Hodgkin等人（1952）开发，用于鱿鱼巨轴突。从那时起，该技术的许多变体已经发展和电压钳分析已扩展到广泛的组织。电压钳的用处首先源于这样一个事实，即它允许分离膜离子和电容电流。其次，与电压随时间自由变化和在膜的不同区域之间自由变化相比，使用从具有均匀、可控电压的膜区域测量的电流来获得有关通道行为的信息要容易得多。尤其是当大多数离子通道的开启和关闭（门控）受到膜电位的影响时。本章将集中讨论电压钳法，这种方法用于测量来自整个细胞或包含至少几百个通道的大面积膜的电流；这种电流通常称为宏观电流。我们将特别注意单微电极和双微电极方法。这两种技术的使用都在增加；双微电极钳被用于研究异种卵母细胞中表达的通道，而用于单微电极钳的开关钳电路有时与全细胞膜片移液器一起使用，因为它提供了一种简洁的方法来处理此类电极可能出现的串联电阻问题。膜片钳技术将电压钳方法的应用扩展到记录流过单通道的离子电流，但在其整个细胞构型中也成为最多的
Much of what we know about the properties of ion channels in cell membranes has come from experiments using voltage clamp. In general, the method allows ion flow across a cell membrane to be measured as electric current, whilst the membrane voltage is held under experimental control with a feedback amplifier. The method was first developed by Cole (1949) and Hodgkin et al. (1952) for use with the squid giant axon. Since then, many variants of the technique have evolved and voltage clamp analysis has been extended to a wide range of tissues. The usefulness of the voltage clamp stems firstly from the fact that it allows the separation of membrane ionic and capacitative currents. Secondly, it is much easier to obtain information about channel behaviour using currents measured from an area of membrane with a uniform, controlled voltage, than when the voltage is changing freely with time and between different regions of membrane. This is especially so as the opening and closing (gating) of most ion channels is affected by the membrane potential. This chapter will concentrate on voltage clamp methods that are used to measure currents from whole cells or large areas of membrane containing at least a few hundred channels; such currents are usually called macroscopic currents. We shall give particular attention to the single and double microelectrode methods. The use of both these techniques is increasing; double microelectrode clamp is being used for studies of channels expressed in Xenopusoocytes, while the switched clamp circuitry used for single microelectrode clamp is sometimes used with whole cell patch pipettes because it provides a neat way of dealing with the series resistance problems that can arise with such electrodes. The patch clamp technique has extended the application of voltage clamp methods to the recording of ionic currents flowing through single channels, but in its whole cell configuration has also become the most
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
BROWN, TH;JOHNSTON, D
通讯作者：
JOHNSTON, D