Resilience of ecological functions to drought in an oil palm agroecosystem
Resilience of ecological functions to drought in an oil palm agroecosystem
复制标题
油棕农业生态系统生态功能对干旱的恢复能力
DOI：
10.1088/2515-7620/ab48da
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Eycott A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eycott A
油棕是热带地区的主要栖息地。它的生产力很高，对生产国的经济作出了重大贡献，但它的扩张造成了广泛的森林砍伐，对生物多样性产生了负面影响。这种生物多样性的丧失可能对油棕的生态系统功能和对降雨模式变化的适应能力产生重大影响，从而影响产量。然而，尽管研究了水分亏缺对产量的直接影响，但对人工林内生态系统过程或功能对降雨变化的适应能力的研究却很少。我们在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛的热带农业生物多样性和生态系统功能（BEFTA）项目地点对成熟油棕进行了生态系统功能实验。我们测量了2015-2016年厄尔尼诺Niño-Southern涛动（ENSO）事件期间多个时间点的凋落叶分解率、种子去除率、粉虫捕食率和草食率，该事件导致东南亚地区广泛干旱。我们发现，粉虫的捕食率、种子的清除率和分解率都很高，而草食性水平很低，表明生态系统健康，害虫控制水平高，有机物分解水平高。排除试验表明，无脊椎动物的存在与较高的种子清除和分解水平以及较高捕食率的脊椎动物的存在有关。所有功能对降雨变化都相对稳健。然而，尽管种子去除和草食不随降雨而改变，但分解和捕食表现出更复杂的影响，当之前的降雨量较低时，这两个过程的水平随当前降雨量而增加。这表明，这两个过程都能适应变化，并能在干旱后恢复。我们的研究结果表明，在油棕种植园内测量的生态系统过程是健康的，并且对降雨模式的变化具有弹性。这是有希望的，并表明作物可能对未来降水的变化相当强劲。
Oil palm is a major habitat in the tropics. It is highly productive and contributes substantially to the economies of producing countries, but its expansion has caused widespread deforestation, with negative consequences for biodiversity. Such biodiversity losses may have substantial impacts on ecosystem functions within oil palm and resilience of functions to changing rainfall patterns, with impacts on yield. However, although the direct effects of water deficit on yield have been studied, little work has investigated ecosystem processes within plantations or the resilience of functions to changing rainfall. We conducted ecosystem function experiments within mature oil palm at the Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in Tropical Agriculture (BEFTA) Programme site in Sumatra, Indonesia. We measured rates of leaf litter decomposition, seed removal, mealworm predation, and herbivory at multiple time points spanning the 2015–2016 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event that caused widespread drought within Southeast Asia. We found that mealworm predation, seed removal, and decomposition rates were high, whilst herbivory levels were low, indicating a healthy ecosystem with high levels of pest control and organic matter breakdown. Exclusion tests showed that the presence of invertebrates was associated with higher levels of seed removal and decomposition and the presence of vertebrates with higher predation. All functions were relatively robust to changes in rainfall. Yet, whilst seed removal and herbivory did not alter with rainfall, decomposition and predation showed more complex effects, with levels of both processes increasing with current rainfall levels when rainfall in preceding time periods was low. This suggests that both processes are resilient to change and able to recover following drought. Our results indicate that the ecosystem processes measured within oil palm plantations are healthy and resilient to changing rainfall patterns. This is hopeful and suggests that the crop may be fairly robust to future changes in precipitation.
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