Cohort Profile: Shahroud Schoolchildren Eye Cohort Study (SSCECS)
Cohort Profile: Shahroud Schoolchildren Eye Cohort Study (SSCECS)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/ije/dyy250
复制
发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Fotouhi, Akbar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Emamian, Mohammad Hassan;Hashemi, Hassan;Fotouhi, Akbar
世界卫生组织（世卫组织）估计，全世界有2.53亿人患有视力障碍，其中未矫正的屈光不正和未经治疗的白内障是主要原因。超过80%的视力障碍是可以预防和治疗的。1今天，1900万15岁以下儿童有视力障碍，其中1200万是由于屈光不正。2014 - 19年全球眼健康行动计划旨在到2019年将可避免的视力障碍减少25%。它强调需要进行生物医学研究，以制定视力损害的预防措施，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。2近视是最常见的儿童视力障碍3，自1950年以来，在世界大部分地区，特别是东南亚国家，近视率一直在上升。因此，在中国和韩国，超过90%的青少年是近视。4其他国家的近视患病率似乎也在增加。5据估计，到2015年，世界人口的一半将是近视，到2050年，10%将是高度近视。近视的生物学病因尚不清楚，对其危险因素尚无标准的预防方法3，也没有理论共识。7因此，它仍然是一个日益严重且通常无法预防的问题。3，4，6对眼生物测量的研究有助于更好地了解屈光不正的病因。8-13例如，透镜焦度随着年龄而降低，并且远视移位或近视可能是这种变化的结果。14在这方面，有必要进行前瞻性队列研究，以增进我们的知识。除了安阳儿童眼科研究（2013年在中国进行了足够的样本量15，预计将提供儿童视力障碍的证据）和澳大利亚的一项研究外，其他16项儿童纵向研究缺乏足够大的样本量，17 - 20仅包括一项随访20 - 22或不是基于人群的。11，19，20，23考虑到遗传和环境因素在视力障碍发病率中的作用，以及大多数近视研究都是在东亚和东南亚进行的这一事实，在世界其他地区开展和实施队列研究至关重要。此外，近年来最先进的眼科和生物计量设备的可用性应增强我们剖析视力障碍和眼部生物计量变化的病因的能力。继2009年在40至64岁的参与者中成功实施Shahroud眼睛队列研究（ShECS）后，24一项关于
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 253 million people live with visual impairment worldwide, for which uncorrected refractive errors and untreated cataracts are the leading causes. This is although over 80% of visual impairments are preventable and treatable. 1 Today, 19 million children under the age of 15years have visual impairments, out of which 12 million are due to refractive errors. The global eye health action plan 2014–19 aims to reduce avoidable visual impairment by 25% by 2019. It emphasizes the need for biomedical studies to develop preventive measures for visual impairment, especially in low-and middle-income countries. 2 Myopia is the most common type of paediatric visual impairment 3 which has been increasing since 1950 in most parts of the world, especially South East Asian countries. As such, over 90% of the teenagers in China and South Korea are myopic. 4 The prevalence of myopia in other countries seems to be increasing too. 5 It is estimated that, by 2015, half the world population will be myopic and 10% will have high myopia by 2050. 6 The biological aetiology of myopia is still unknown, and there are no standard prevention methods 3 nor theoretical consensus on its risk factors. 7 As a result, it continues to remain a growing and usually unpreventable problem. 3, 4, 6 Studies on ocular biometry have contributed to a better understanding of the aetiology of refractive errors. 8–13 For example, lens power decreases with age and hyperopic shift or myopia may be the result of such changes. 14 In this regard, prospective cohort studies are necessary to further our knowledge. Except for the Anyang Childhood Eye Study (which was conducted with a sufficient sample size in China in 2013 15 and is expected to provide evidence on paediatric visual impairments) and a study in Australia, 16 other longitudinal studies on children have lacked sufficiently large sample sizes, 17–20 included only one follow-up 20–22 or were not populationbased. 11, 19, 20, 23 Given the role of genetic and environmental factors in the incidence of visual impairment, and the fact that most myopia studies have been done in East and South East Asia, it is essential to develop and implement cohort studies in other parts of the world. Moreover, the availability of state-of-the-art ophthalmic and biometric equipment in recent years should enhance our ability to dissect the aetiology of visual impairments and ocular biometric changes. Following the successful implementation of the Shahroud Eyes Cohort Study (ShECS) in 40-to 64-year-old participants in 2009, 24 a cohort study on