THE PERIODIC INVASIONS OF GOSHAWKS
THE PERIODIC INVASIONS OF GOSHAWKS
复制标题
苍鹰的周期性入侵
DOI：
10.2307/4085262
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Grove
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Mueller;D. D. Berger;G. Allez;C. Grove
摘要--1950-74年间，我们每年秋天都会观察大头鹰的迁徙。发生了两次主要由成年人组成的入侵，一次发生在1962年和1963年，另一次发生在1972年和1973年。1972年的南下运动可能是历史上最伟大的一次。年龄和性别比例的年际波动与模型种群的比较有力地表明，苍鹰的大规模入侵表明了大规模的生殖失败和种群的急剧下降，1972-73年接近70%。我们认为，入侵的规模取决于猎物数量下降在时间和空间上的同步性，也取决于大鹰种群的大小。我们假设苍鹰之间的激励性相互作用在造成入侵和大规模繁殖失败方面发挥了重要作用。我们的计算表明，1972-73年的人口降幅足够大，复苏将需要超过12年的最佳再生产。因此，我们预测，在我们目睹苍鹰的另一次大规模入侵之前，还需要经过几个10年的周期。--北卡罗来纳大学动物与课程系，北卡罗来纳州教堂山，27514和锡达格罗夫鸟类站，1号公路，锡达格罗夫，威斯康星州53013。1976年1月14日获接纳。
ABSTRACT.--We watched for Goshawk migration each autumn in the years 1950-74. Two major invasions, composed largely of adults, were seen, one in 1962 and 1963 and the other in 1972 and 1973. The 1972 southward movement was probably the greatest in history. Comparisons of in- terannual fluctuations in age and sex ratios with those derived from a model population strongly suggest that major invasions of Goshawks indicate a massive reproductive failure and a precipitous decline in population, approaching 70% for 1972-73. We suggest that the magnitude of an invasion is determined by the synchrony of the decline of prey populations in time and space, and also by the size of the Goshawk population. We hypothesize that agonistic interactions between Goshawks play an important role in producing both invasions and massive reproductive failure. Our calculations suggest that the decline in population in 1972-73 was sufficiently great that recovery will take more than 12 years of optimal reproduction. We therefore predict that several 10-year cycles will pass before we witness another major invasion of Goshawks.--Department of Zoology and Curriculum in Ecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514 and Cedar Grove Ornithological Station, Route 1, Cedar Grove, Wisconsin 53013. Accepted 14 January 1976.