A Theoretical review of cognitive biases and deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder
A Theoretical review of cognitive biases and deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.10.012
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
McNally, Richard J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hezel, Dianne M.;McNally, Richard J.
在过去的30年里，实验精神病理学家进行了许多研究，旨在阐明强迫症的病因和维持中可能存在的认知异常。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了关于强迫症认知障碍的信念障碍和认知缺陷的研究，因为传统的自我报告和信息处理方法的发现提供了关于认知异常的不同的信息来源。首先，我们讨论与障碍有关的功能障碍信念和元认知信念。研究已经确定了一些与强迫症相关的不适应评估(例如，高度责任感)和元认知信念(例如，需要控制一个人的思想)，但这些并不总是出现在所有的强迫症病例中。接下来，我们回顾了有关强迫症患者记忆和注意力缺陷及偏向的文献。这一系列研究显示，记忆和注意力过程存在缺陷的证据不一致，但确实表明，患有这种障碍的人存在记忆和注意力偏差，这可能与元认知信念有关，即他们记忆和注意刺激的能力。最后，我们讨论了最近的研究，这些研究表明，强迫症患者接触内部状态的机会减少，从而导致他们参与到解决持续不确定的仪式中。最后讨论了研究的意义和未来的发展方向。(C)2015爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
During the past 30 years, experimental psychopathologists have conducted many studies aiming to elucidate the cognitive abnormalities that may figure in the etiology and maintenance of OCD. In this paper, we review research on both dysfunctional beliefs and cognitive deficits in OCD, as findings from both traditional self-report and information-processing approaches provide distinct sources of information concerning cognitive abnormalities. First, we discuss dysfunctional beliefs and metacognitive beliefs implicated in the disorder. Research has identified a number of maladaptive appraisals (e.g., heightened responsibility) and metacognitive beliefs (e.g., need to control one's thoughts) that are associated with the disorder, yet these are not invariably present in all cases of OCD. Next, we review the literature on memory and attentional deficits and biases in OCD. This line of research shows inconsistent evidence for deficits in memorial and attentional processes, but does indicate that people with the disorder have memory and attention biases that may be related to metacognitive beliefs about their ability to remember and attend to stimuli. Finally, we discuss recent work that suggests that people with OCD have reduced access to internal states, thus causing them to engage in rituals to resolve persistent uncertainty. Implications and future directions are discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.