Human glucose rhythms and subjective hunger anticipate meal timing.
Human glucose rhythms and subjective hunger anticipate meal timing.
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人类血糖节律和主观饥饿感预测进餐时间。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.005
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Isherwood CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Isherwood CM
昼夜节律、新陈代谢和营养密切相关。1每日三餐的进食模式的时间安排扰乱了一些人类的昼夜节律。2尽管动物数据显示食物可获得性的预期与食物可获得性振荡器有关，3但人类生理学是否能预测进餐时间和有限的食物可获得性尚不清楚。在一个受控的实验室协议中，我们测试了人类昼夜节律系统预期大餐的假设。24名男性参与者进行了为期8天的实验室研究，严格的睡眠时间表，明暗时间表和食物摄入。在6天的时间里，参与者在清醒期间每小时吃一顿小餐，或者每天吃两顿大餐（醒来后7.5小时和14.5小时）。所有的参与者，然后进行了37小时恒定的例行。在整个方案中，每15分钟测量一次间质葡萄糖。在清醒期间每小时评估一次饥饿。唾液褪黑激素测定在恒定的常规。在为期6天的喂养模式中，两组动物每天清晨的葡萄糖浓度都有所增加。在小餐组中，葡萄糖浓度在一天中持续增加。然而，在大餐组，葡萄糖浓度从清醒后2小时开始下降，直到第一餐。平均24小时葡萄糖浓度组间无差异。在恒定的常规中，两组之间的褪黑激素起效没有差异，但观察到反相葡萄糖节律，在大餐组的前一餐时葡萄糖较低。此外，在大餐组中，恒定的常规饥饿分数在预测的用餐时间之前增加。这些数据支持人类食物预期的存在。
Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and nutrition are closely linked.1Timing of a three-meal daily feeding pattern synchronizes some human circadian rhythms.2Despite animal data showing anticipation of food availability, linked to a food-entrainable oscillator,3it is unknown whether human physiology predicts mealtimes and restricted food availability. In a controlled laboratory protocol, we tested the hypothesis that the human circadian system anticipates large meals. Twenty-four male participants undertook an 8-day laboratory study, with strict sleep-wake schedules, light-dark schedules, and food intake. For 6 days, participants consumed either hourly small meals throughout the waking period or two large daily meals (7.5 and 14.5 h after wake-up). All participants then undertook a 37-h constant routine. Interstitial glucose was measured every 15 min throughout the protocol. Hunger was assessed hourly during waking periods. Saliva melatonin was measured in the constant routine. During the 6-day feeding pattern, both groups exhibited increasing glucose concentration early each morning. In the small meal group, glucose concentrations continued to increase across the day. However, in the large meal group, glucose concentrations decreased from 2 h after waking until the first meal. Average 24-h glucose concentration did not differ between groups. In the constant routine, there was no difference in melatonin onset between groups, but antiphasic glucose rhythms were observed, with low glucose at the time of previous meals in the large meal group. Moreover, in the large meal group, constant routine hunger scores increased before the predicted meal times. These data support the existence of human food anticipation.