Effects of cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation on motor cortex excitability and motor function
Effects of cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation on motor cortex excitability and motor function
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DOI：
10.1007/s00429-016-1355-1
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Calabro, Rocco Salvatore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Naro, Antonino;Bramanti, Alessia;Calabro, Rocco Salvatore
小脑通过小脑-脑抑制(CBI)和运动周围抑制(MSI)两种主要机制调节多种运动功能。尽管参与这些过程的小脑的确切结构和功能尚不清楚，但浦肯野细胞(PC)及其周围的神经元间网络可能在CBI和MSI中起着关键作用。小脑经颅交流电刺激(TACS)已被证明以一种可行、安全、有效和非侵入性的方式塑造特定的小脑成分。我们研究的目的是用Tacs方法描述CBI和MSI的小脑结构和功能。15名健康受试者接受了10、50和300赫兹的小脑TACS检查，或右侧小脑半球的假TACS检查。我们测量了不同频率的Tacs对运动诱发电位(MEP)波幅、不同频率下Tacs诱发的CBI(TiCBI)、MSI和手运动任务绩效的影响。所有受试者均未出现与Tacs相关的副作用。在50-HzTAC后，我们观察到明显的TICBI-50 HZ减弱(约+30%，p<；0.001)，同时MEP幅度增加(约+30%，p=0.001)，完成某些运动任务所需的时间减少(约-20%，p=0.001)，持续30分钟。300HzTacs在周围肌肉中诱导了选择性、特异性的tiCBI-300 Hz和tiCBI-50 Hz调制(约-15%，p=0.001)和微卫星信号增强(约+40%，p<；0.001)。10-HzTacs和Sham-Tacs无效(p>；0.6)。我们的初步数据表明，PC可能是tiCBI的最后一个介体，周围的神经元间网络可能通过作用于PC，在紧张性肌肉收缩时更新MSI、tiCBI和M1的兴奋性方面发挥重要作用。对这些神经生理学问题的了解为设计创新的、非侵入性的神经调节方案以塑造小脑-大脑功能提供了新的线索。
The cerebellum regulates several motor functions through two main mechanisms, the cerebellum-brain inhibition (CBI) and the motor surround inhibition (MSI). Although the exact cerebellar structures and functions involved in such processes are partially known, Purkinje cells (PC) and their surrounding interneuronal networks may play a pivotal role concerning CBI and MSI. Cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) has been proven to shape specific cerebellar components in a feasible, safe, effective, and non-invasive manner. The aim of our study was to characterize the cerebellar structures and functions subtending CBI and MSI using a tACS approach. Fifteen healthy individuals underwent a cerebellar tACS protocol at 10, 50, and 300 Hz, or a sham-tACS over the right cerebellar hemisphere. We measured the tACS aftereffects on motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, CBI induced by tACS (tiCBI) at different frequencies, MSI, and hand motor task performance. None of the participants had any side effect related to tACS. After 50-Hz tACS, we observed a clear tiCBI-50Hz weakening (about + 30%, p < 0.001) paralleled by a MEP amplitude increase (about + 30%, p = 0.001) and a reduction of the time required to complete some motor task (about -20%, p = 0.01), lasting up to 30 min. The 300-Hz tACS induced a selective, specific tiCBI-300Hz and tiCBI-50Hz modulation in surrounding muscles (about -15%, p = 0.01) and MSI potentiation (about + 40%, p < 0.001). The 10-Hz tACS and the sham-tACS were ineffective (p > 0.6). Our preliminary data suggest that PC may represent the last mediator of tiCBI and that the surrounding interneuronal network may have an important role in updating MSI, tiCBI, and M1 excitability during tonic muscle contraction, by acting onto the PC. The knowledge of these neurophysiological issues offers new cues to design innovative, non-invasive neuromodulation protocols to shape cerebellar-cerebral functions.