Fecal Transplants: What Is Being Transferred?
Fecal Transplants: What Is Being Transferred?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1002503
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发表时间：
2016-07
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Bordenstein SR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bojanova DP;Bordenstein SR
粪便移植越来越多地用于治疗复发性感染（即，艰难梭菌）并作为功能获得实验的一般研究工具（即，粪粒管饲法）。受体生物学中观察到的变化通常归因于供体粪便中的细菌细胞（每克人类湿便约1011个）。在这里，我们检查了文献和总结结果的粪便物质的组成，以谨慎地提高其多部分的性质。除了可能占总粪便物质一小部分的活细菌外，未经处理的人类粪便中的其他成分包括结肠细胞（每克湿粪便约107个）、古细菌（每克湿粪便约108个）、病毒（每克湿粪便约108个）、真菌（每克湿粪便约106个）、原生生物和代谢物。因此，尽管在这一点上是推测性的，并取决于移植程序和研究系统，但非细菌物质可能有助于受体生物学的变化。谨慎地需要继续简化，以分离出每个组成部分的影响和相互作用。粪便转移在动物模型和人类中越来越常见。这篇文章指出，细菌可能不是捐赠者粪便中唯一能影响接受者生物学的因素。
Fecal transplants are increasingly utilized for treatment of recurrent infections (i.e., Clostridium difficile) in the human gut and as a general research tool for gain-of-function experiments (i.e., gavage of fecal pellets) in animal models. Changes observed in the recipient's biology are routinely attributed to bacterial cells in the donor feces (~1011 per gram of human wet stool). Here, we examine the literature and summarize findings on the composition of fecal matter in order to raise cautiously the profile of its multipart nature. In addition to viable bacteria, which may make up a small fraction of total fecal matter, other components in unprocessed human feces include colonocytes (~107 per gram of wet stool), archaea (~108 per gram of wet stool), viruses (~108 per gram of wet stool), fungi (~106 per gram of wet stool), protists, and metabolites. Thus, while speculative at this point and contingent on the transplant procedure and study system, nonbacterial matter could contribute to changes in the recipient's biology. There is a cautious need for continued reductionism to separate out the effects and interactions of each component. Fecal transfers are increasingly common in animal models and humans. This essay notes that bacteria may not be the only player in donor feces that can affect the recipient's biology.