Modelling surface ozone during the 2003 heat-wave in the UK
Modelling surface ozone during the 2003 heat-wave in the UK
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-10-7963-2010
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Sutton, M. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vieno, M.;Dore, A. J.;Sutton, M. A.
EMEP 4UK建模系统是EMEP化学传输模型的高分辨率（5x 5 km（2））应用，旨在用于联合王国的科学和政策研究。我们证明了EMEP 4UK系统的使用和性能，通过研究地面臭氧（O-3）在极端的2003年8月热浪。气象学是由天气研究和预报（WRF）模型生成的，每六小时用再分析数据进行一次微调。我们专注于英格兰东南部，在热浪期间，每小时平均O-3达到140 ppb。EMEP 4UK准确地再现了热浪期间O-3的升高及其日常变化。关键的O-3前体，二氧化氮和异戊二烯，是不太好的模拟，但显示一般准确的昼夜周期和浓度内的一个因素，类似于2-3的观察。模拟的表面O-3分布有一个复杂的时空结构，由气象学，排放和光化学的组合。一系列的灵敏度运行与模型被用来探索在热浪期间影响O-3水平的因素。在不同的日子和不同的地点，各种因素似乎很重要。从模式域之外输入的臭氧，特别是南部，在热浪期间的几天非常重要，贡献高达85 ppb。干沉降的影响在几天内也很重要。如果异戊二烯排放量与基准排放量相比发生变化，则模型异戊二烯浓度通常是最佳模拟值：通常是两倍，但在一个炎热的日子里最多可提高五倍。我们发现，氮氧化物和挥发性有机化合物羽流的准确位置的准确建模是成功模拟O-3在特定时间和位置的关键。发现温度的+/- 5 K变化对O-3的影响通常小于+/- 10 ppb。
The EMEP4UK modelling system is a high resolution (5x5 km(2)) application of the EMEP chemistry-transport model, designed for scientific and policy studies in the UK. We demonstrate the use and performance of the EMEP4UK system through the study of ground-level ozone (O-3) during the extreme August 2003 heat-wave. Meteorology is generated by the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model, nudged every six hours with reanalysis data. We focus on SE England, where hourly average O-3 reached up to 140 ppb during the heat-wave. EMEP4UK accurately reproduces elevated O-3 and much of its day-to-day variability during the heat-wave. Key O-3 precursors, nitrogen dioxide and isoprene, are less well simulated, but show generally accurate diurnal cycles and concentrations to within a factor of similar to 2-3 of observations. The modelled surface O-3 distribution has an intricate spatio-temporal structure, governed by a combination of meteorology, emissions and photochemistry. A series of sensitivity runs with the model are used to explore the factors that influenced O-3 levels during the heat-wave. Various factors appear to be important on different days and at different sites. Ozone imported from outside the model domain, especially the south, is very important on several days during the heat-wave, contributing up to 85 ppb. The effect of dry deposition is also important on several days. Modelled isoprene concentrations are generally best simulated if isoprene emissions are changed from the base emissions: typically doubled, but elevated by up to a factor of five on one hot day. We found that accurate modelling of the exact positions of nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compound plumes is crucial for the successful simulation of O-3 at a particular time and location. Variations in temperature of +/- 5 K were found to have impacts on O-3 of typically less than +/- 10 ppb.