Microparticles in Cancer
Microparticles in Cancer
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DOI：
10.1055/s-0030-1267043
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Rak, Janusz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rak, Janusz
微粒(MP)是细胞在激活、恶变、应激或死亡时释放出来的泡状结构。MP可能来源于质膜(脱落的微囊泡)，由内体途径(外体)产生，也可能来自于凋亡细胞的膜泡。术语微粒子或微囊泡(MV)通常被用作所有细胞囊泡的通用和可互换的描述符，但更严格的术语仍有待建立。MP/MV的货物由蛋白质、脂类和核酸(DNA、mRNA、microRNA)组成，所有这些都可以在细胞之间水平转移。在癌症中，致癌途径驱动MP/MV的产生，癌蛋白可能被整合到MV(肿瘤体)的货物中。致癌途径也可能刺激含有组织因子的MP/MV的产生，并参与癌症凝固性疾病。此外，MV的货物可能包括几种受体、抗原、生物活性分子和其他能够刺激肿瘤进展、免疫耐受、侵袭、血管生成和转移的物种。MP不仅来自肿瘤细胞，也来自血小板、内皮细胞和炎症细胞。事实上，循环中的MP/MV蕴藏着与癌症相关过程相关的分子信息，并可能作为预后和预测性生物标记物的储存库，以监测遗传肿瘤进展、血管生成、血栓形成和靶向治疗的反应。
Microparticles (MP) are vesicular structures released from cells upon activation, malignant transformation, stress, or death. MP may be derived from the plasma membrane (shed microvesicles), produced by endosomal pathway (exosomes), or arise from membrane blebs of apoptotic cells. The terms microparticles or microvesicles (MV) are often used as general and interchangeable descriptors of all cellular vesicles, but a more rigorous terminology is still to be established. The cargo of MP/MV consists of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (DNA, mRNA, microRNA), all of which may be transferred horizontally between cells. In cancer, oncogenic pathways drive production of MP/MV, and oncoproteins may be incorporated into the cargo of MV (oncosomes). Oncogenic pathways may also stimulate production of MP/MV harboring tissue factor and involved in cancer coagulopathy. In addition, the cargo of MV may include several receptors, antigens, bioactive molecules, and other species capable of stimulating tumor progression, immunotolerance, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. MP emanate not only from tumor cells but also from platelets, endothelium, and inflammatory cells. Indeed, circulating MP/MV harbor molecular information related to cancer-related processes and may serve as a reservoir of prognostic and predictive biomarkers to monitor genetic tumor progression, angiogenesis, thrombosis, and responses to targeted therapeutics.