Host Species Influence the Gut Microbiota of Endemic Cold-Water Fish in Upper Yangtze River.
Host Species Influence the Gut Microbiota of Endemic Cold-Water Fish in Upper Yangtze River.
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寄主物种对长江上游特有冷水鱼类肠道微生物群的影响
DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2022.906299
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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鱼类肠道微生物组在营养吸收和能量代谢中发挥着重要作用。研究冷水鱼的肠道微生物对于了解极端环境下的饮食适应策略很重要。本研究采集了长江上游的王氏裂腹鱼（SW，草食性）、科兹洛维裂腹鱼（SK，杂食性）和平氏鲈鱼（PP，肉食性）的肠道样本，并对16S rRNA扩增子进行了测序，以研究肠道微生物与宿主物种之间的潜在关系。结果表明，三种冷水鱼的肠道微生物组成和多样性存在显着差异。这些鱼的肠道微生物具有不同的关键类群，包括参与食物分解的细菌（例如鲸杆菌、气单胞菌和严格梭菌 10）。草食动物 (SW) 的 α 多样性指数 (例如 Chao 1 指数) 最高，其次是肉食动物 (PP)，杂食动物 (SK) 最低。非度量多维标度（NMDS）结果表明，这些物种的肠道微生物群落在宿主物种之间是不同的。中性群落模型（NCM）表明，SW的微生物群落结构是由随机过程形成的，SW中物种扩散度最高，PP次之，SK最低。生态位宽度的结果与这些发现一致。我们的结果表明，宿主物种影响三种冷水鱼的肠道微生物组组成、多样性和微生物群落组装过程。这些发现表明，肠道微生物组组成和功能的变化在冷水鱼消化和吸收不同食物中的营养物质方面发挥着关键作用。
The fish gut microbiome plays an important role in nutrition absorption and energy metabolism. Studying the gut microbes of cold-water fish is important to understand the dietary adaptation strategies in extreme environments. In this study, the gut samples of Schizothorax wangchiachii (SW, herbivorous), Schizothorax kozlovi (SK, omnivorous), and Percocypris pingi (PP, carnivorous) in the upper Yangtze River were collected, and we sequenced 16S rRNA amplicon to study the potential relationship between gut microbes and host species. The results showed that gut microbial composition and diversity were significantly different between the three cold-water fishes. These fishes had different key taxa in their gut microbes, including bacteria involved in the breakdown of food (e.g., Cetobacterium, Aeromonas, and Clostridium sensu stricto 10). The highest alpha diversity indices (e.g., Chao 1 index) were identified in the herbivore (SW), followed by the carnivore (PP), and the lowest in the omnivore (SK). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) results revealed that the gut microbial community of these species was different between host species. The neutral community model (NCM) showed that the microbial community structure of SW was shaped by stochastic processes, and the highest species dispersal was found in SW, followed by PP, and the lowest in SK. The results of niche breadth agreed with these findings. Our results demonstrated that host species influenced the gut microbiome composition, diversity, and microbial community assembly processes of the three cold-water fishes. These findings implied that the variation of gut microbiome composition and function plays a key role in digesting and absorbing nutrients from different foods in cold-water fish.