Using Imperfect Advance Demand Information in Production-Inventory Systems with Multiple Customer Classes
Using Imperfect Advance Demand Information in Production-Inventory Systems with Multiple Customer Classes
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DOI：
10.1287/msom.1070.0201
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
de Vericourt, Francis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gayon, Jean-Philippe;Benjaafar, Saif;de Vericourt, Francis
我们考虑一家生产库存的供应商，其生产能力有限。供应商从属于几个需求类别的客户那里接收订单。一些客户类通过在到期日之前宣布他们的订单，与供应商共享提前需求信息。但是，这种提前需求信息并不完美，因为客户可能决定在预期到期日之前或之后订购，也可能决定完全取消订单。客户类别的需求率、预期到期日、取消概率和短缺成本各不相同。供应商必须决定何时生产，以及无论何时订单到期，是否从现有库存中满足它。因此，供应商面临着联合生产控制和库存分配问题。我们将问题表述为一个马尔可夫决策过程，并描述了最优策略的结构。我们证明了最优生产策略是一个状态依赖的基本库存策略，其基本库存水平在宣布的订单数量上不减少。我们证明了最优的库存分配策略是一个依赖于状态的多级配给策略，每个类别的配给级别在宣布的订单数量上不减少（无论类别是否提供提前信息）。从数值结果中，我们获得了对供应商和客户提前需求信息的价值的一些见解。
We consider a make-to-stock supplier that operates a production facility with limited capacity. The supplier receives orders from customers belonging to several demand classes. Some of the customer classes share advance demand information with the supplier by announcing their orders ahead of their due date. However, this advance demand information is not perfect because the customer may decide to order prior to or later than the expected due date or may decide to cancel the order altogether. Customer classes vary in their demand rates, expected due dates, cancellation probabilities, and shortage costs. The supplier must decide when to produce and, whenever an order becomes due, whether or not to satisfy it from on-hand inventory. Hence, the supplier is faced with a joint production-control and inventory-allocation problem. We formulate the problem as a Markov decision process and characterize the structure of the optimal policy. We show that the optimal production policy is a state-dependent base-stock policy with a base-stock level that is nondecreasing in the number of announced orders. We show that the optimal inventory-allocation policy is a state-dependent multilevel rationing policy, with the rationing level for each class nondecreasing in the number of announced orders (regardless of whether the class provides advance information). From numerical results, we obtain several insights into the value of advance demand information for both supplier and customers.