Evolution of periodicity in periodical cicadas.
Evolution of periodicity in periodical cicadas.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep14094
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发表时间：
2015-09-14
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Yoshimura J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ito H;Kakishima S;Uehara T;Morita S;Koyama T;Sota T;Cooley JR;Yoshimura J
周期蝉(Magicada spp.)在美国，它们以13年和17年的独特质数生命周期和几乎完全同步的大规模涌现而闻名。由于几乎所有已知的蝉种都是非周期性的，周期性被认为是一种派生状态。关于木蝉周期演化的一个主要假说暗示了冰川时期平均温度的下降。在周期的演化中，祖先蝉成熟的决定因素被假设已经从大小依赖转变为时间(周期)依赖。素数周期的选择应该只在固定周期之后进行。在这里，我们建立了一个基于个体的蝉模型，在气候降温的条件下，探索周期的固定。在我们的模型中，在寒冷的环境下，极长的幼虫阶段导致极低的成虫密度，限制了交配机会，有利于同步羽化的进化。我们的结果表明，这些由冰川冷却引发的变化可能导致了非周期性祖先对周期性的固定。
Periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) in the USA are famous for their unique prime-numbered life cycles of 13 and 17 years and their nearly perfectly synchronized mass emergences. Because almost all known species of cicada are non-periodical, periodicity is assumed to be a derived state. A leading hypothesis for the evolution of periodicity in Magicicada implicates the decline in average temperature during glacial periods. During the evolution of periodicity, the determinant of maturation in ancestral cicadas is hypothesized to have switched from size dependence to time (period) dependence. The selection for the prime-numbered cycles should have taken place only after the fixation of periodicity. Here, we build an individual-based model of cicadas under conditions of climatic cooling to explore the fixation of periodicity. In our model, under cold environments, extremely long juvenile stages lead to extremely low adult densities, limiting mating opportunities and favouring the evolution of synchronized emergence. Our results indicate that these changes, which were triggered by glacial cooling, could have led to the fixation of periodicity in the non-periodical ancestors.