Elastic/plastic models for soils and sands
Elastic/plastic models for soils and sands
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2004.12.016
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发表时间：
2005-04
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
I. Collins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Collins
综述了土、砂等颗粒材料本构模型研究的最新进展。这些新思想是基于现代连续介质热力学理论的概念的使用。现有的大多数土的工程理论都是“配方”性质的，提供的规则可以用来构建屈服轨迹、流动和硬化规则以及破坏线，以提供在有限的一组实验室实验中预测颗粒材料的响应和破坏的模型。这些模型很少有任何坚实的物理基础。另一方面，热力学方法使我们能够构造既满足热力学基本定律又对能量存储和耗散有明确物理解释的模型。特别重要的是塑性功速率和塑性耗散之间的区别，耗散与屈服轨迹和流动规律之间的密切联系，以及塑性膨胀和诱导各向异性之间的密切联系。这些思想自然引出了临界状态土力学的概念。此外，热机械方法提供了将微观和细观尺度上观察到的和模拟的颗粒材料行为与连续介质水平上观察到的行为联系起来的真正可能性。本文最后概述了朝这一方向发展的一些初步步骤。
Some recent advances in the constitutive modelling of soils, sands and other granular materials are reviewed. These new ideas are based on the use of the concepts of the modern theory of the thermomechanics of continua. Most existing engineering theories of soil behaviour are in the nature of “recipes”, providing rules by which yield loci, flow and hardening rules and failure lines may be constructed to provide models which predict the response and failure of granular materials in a limited set of laboratory experiments. These models rarely have any firm physical basis. The thermomechanical approach, on the other hand, enables us to construct models, which both satisfy the fundamental laws of thermodynamics and have definite physical interpretations in terms of energy storage and dissipation. Of particular importance is the distinction between the rate of plastic work and plastic dissipation, the intimate connection between dissipation and the yield loci and flow rule, and between plastic dilation and induced anisotropy. These ideas lead naturally to the concepts of critical state soil mechanics. In addition the thermomechanical approach offers the real possibility of relating the observed and simulated behaviour of granular materials on the micro- and meso-scales, to the observed behaviour at the continuum level. Some initial steps in this direction are outlined at the end of this paper.