Pengungsi — Indonesia's Internally Displaced Persons
Pengungsi — Indonesia's Internally Displaced Persons
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Pengungsi — 印度尼西亚境内流离失所者
DOI：
10.1177/011719680201100302
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
G. Hugo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Hugo
印度尼西亚目前是世界上国内流离失所者人数最多的国家之一。本文件评估了2002年初印度尼西亚这种流动的规模和模式。报告首先评估了冲突是国内移徙的一个原因，并说明了这种移徙在印度尼西亚独立的头二十年中是如何重要的。然后概述了印度尼西亚国内流离失所者目前的流动模式，主要来自马鲁古、东帝汶、亚齐、中苏拉威西、中加里曼丹、巴布亚和西加里曼丹等外岛省份。目前130万国内流离失所者中约有一半居住在“难民营”中，通常居住在拥挤和不卫生的条件下。一些国内流离失所者被驱逐的地方，以前曾有移民涌入，特别是爪哇-巴厘原籍的移民和所谓的BBM（来自南苏拉威西的Bugis、Burique和Makassarese），他们的民族宗教背景与当地居民不同。苏哈托政权倒台后中央控制的释放和金融危机的爆发，使新移民/原住民、种族、宗教和经济紧张局势浮出水面，造成了大规模的驱逐。印尼政府提出了一项在2002年底前“解决”国内流离失所者问题的战略。这是评估和一些中期和长期影响的运动进行了讨论。
Indonesia currently has one of the largest groups of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) of any nation in the world. This paper assesses the scale and patterns of such movement in Indonesia as at the beginning of 2002. It begins by assessing conflict as a cause of internal migration and shows how such movement was significant during the first two decades of independence in Indonesia. The current patterns of movement of IDPs in Indonesia are then outlined with the main origins being in the Outer Island provinces of Maluku, East Timor, Aceh, Central Sulawesi, Central Kalimantan, Papua and West Kalimantan. Around half of the current 1.3 million IDPs are housed in “refugee camps,” often in crowded and unhygienic conditions. Several of the expulsions of IDPs have come from areas where there have been earlier influxes of migrants, especially transmigrants of Java-Bali origins and the so-called BBM (Bugis, Butonese and Makassarese from South Sulawesi), with different ethnoreligious backgrounds than the native residents. The release of central control following the fall of the Suharto regime and the onset of the financial crisis have seen simmering newcomer/native, ethnic, religious and economic tensions rise to the surface to create the large scale expulsions. The Indonesian government has put forward a strategy to “solve” the IDP problem by the end of 2002. This is assessed and some of the medium and long-term implications of the movement discussed.