Understanding and Improving the Health of People Who Experience Incarceration: An Overview and Synthesis
Understanding and Improving the Health of People Who Experience Incarceration: An Overview and Synthesis
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DOI：
10.1093/epirev/mxx018
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Young, Jesse T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kinner, Stuart A.;Young, Jesse T.
世界监狱人口的增长率超过了人口增长率。本期《流行病学评论》包括一些文章，研究人员在这些文章中总结了监狱中的人所面临的一些关键健康问题，特别是与人类免疫缺陷病毒和其他血液传播病毒感染有关的问题。一个反复出现的关键主题是，解决监狱中人的健康需求对于减少人口层面的健康不平等非常重要-囚犯健康就是公共健康。这些审查还强调了一些关键的证据差距，特别是缺乏来自低收入和中等收入国家的证据，以及记录出狱后健康行为、健康结果或健康服务经历的纵向研究数量有限。尽管越来越多的证据表明被拘留青少年的健康状况不佳，但纳入的审查都没有考虑到这一人群。应优先进一步研究在少年拘留所中循环的年轻人的健康问题。尽管关于经历监禁的人的健康的文献迅速增加，但对一些关键的健康问题仍然知之甚少，对同时发生的健康状况和随之而来的协调护理的需要关注不够。对羁押环境中的重点人群的研究仍然不足，限制了针对其健康需求制定有针对性的循证对策的能力。许多研究的质量都不理想，尽管在惩教环境中进行严格的独立研究可能具有挑战性，但这并非不可能，而且对于奠定循证改革的基础至关重要。
The world prison population is growing at a rate that exceeds the rate of population growth. This issue of Epidemiologic Reviews comprises articles in which researchers summarize what is known about some of the key health issues facing people in prison, particularly in relation to human immunodeficiency virus and other blood-borne viral infections. A key recurring theme is that addressing the health needs of people in prison is important to reducing health inequalities at the population level-that prisoner health is public health. The reviews also highlight some critical evidence gaps, notably the lack of evidence from low-and middle-income countries, and the limited number of longitudinal studies in which health behaviors, health outcomes, or health service experiences after release from prison are documented. Despite growing evidence of the poor health of detained adolescents, none of the included reviews considered this population. Further research on the health of young people who cycle through juvenile detention should be a priority. Despite a rapidly growing literature on the health of people who experience incarceration, some critical health issues remain poorly understood, and there has been insufficient attention devoted to co-occurring health conditions and the consequent need for coordinated care. Key populations in custodial settings remain understudied, limiting capacity to develop targeted, evidence-based responses to their health needs. The quality of many studies is suboptimal, and although rigorous, independent research in correctional settings can be challenging, it is not impossible and is critical to laying the groundwork for evidence-based reform.