Long-term crop rotations affect soybean yield, seed weight, and soil chemical properties
Long-term crop rotations affect soybean yield, seed weight, and soil chemical properties
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DOI：
10.1016/s0378-4290(03)00055-8
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发表时间：
2003-06-20
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Todd, TC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelley, KW;Long, JH;Todd, TC
轮作是大豆（Glycine max (L.)）生产中的重要管理措施。稳定)。对于东部大平原地区，需要更多的信息来确定目前的作物轮作是否对大豆生产具有长期的可持续性。1979年至1998年，在堪萨斯州东南部对帕森斯粉砂壤土（细、混合、热、Mollic Albaqualf）进行了一项实地研究，以评估作物轮作对大豆产量、种子重量和土壤化学性质的长期影响。处理由3个2年轮作和1个单一栽培系统组成：(1)W-S/S（冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)-大豆双季作）/全季大豆；(2) w - fall /S =（冬小麦-夏休）/全季大豆；(3) GS/S =谷物高粱（sorghum bicolor， L.）Moench) /大豆;(4) S/S =连续大豆。在偶数年比较了所有处理的全季大豆产量。与单作大豆相比，轮作大豆平均增产16%。小麦-双熟大豆的全季大豆产量平均为1.91毫克公顷（-1），小麦-夏季休耕的平均产量为2.09毫克公顷（-1），高粱的平均产量为1.99毫克公顷（-1），大豆的平均产量为1.68毫克公顷（-1）。与单作大豆相比，轮作大豆在大多数年份的种子重量也显著增加。与单作大豆相比，轮作使上层土壤总碳和总氮浓度提高了25%。不同作物轮作土壤价值的差异与地上作物残茬总量成正比。平均而言，W-S/S、W-Fal/S和GS/S轮作在每2年的种植周期中产生超过8 Mg ha（-1）的地上作物残留物，而S/S轮作仅产生3 Mg ha（-1）。在短期内。轮作的好处是增加了大豆产量，这可能会增加大豆的盈利能力。长期来看，轮作高产残茬作物，如小麦和高粱，随着时间的推移显著增加了土壤总C和N浓度，这可能进一步提高土壤生产力。(C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V.版权所有
Crop rotation is an important management practice in the production of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). For the eastern Great Plains, more information is needed to determine whether current crop rotations are sustainable for soybean production over a long-term period. A field study was conducted in southeastern Kansas from 1979 to 1998 on a Parsons silt loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic, Mollic Albaqualf) to evaluate long-term effects of crop rotation on soybean yield, seed weight, and soil chemical properties. Treatments consisted of three 2-years rotations and one monoculture system: (1) W-S/S (winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-soybean doublecrop)/full-season soybean; (2) W-Fal/S = (winter wheat-summer fallow)/full-season soybean; (3) GS/S = grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)/soybean; (4) S/S = continuous soybean. Full-season soybean yields were compared across all treatments in even-numbered years. On average, crop rotation increased soybean yields 16% compared to monoculture soybean. Full-season soybean yields averaged 1.91 Mg ha(-1) following wheat-double-cropped soybean, 2.09 Mg ha(-1) following wheat-summer fallow, 1.99 Mg ha(-1) following grain sorghum, and 1.68 Mg ha(-1) following soybean. Soybean seed weights were also significantly greater in most years when grown in rotation compared to monoculture soybean. Crop rotation increased total soil C and total soil N concentrations by 25% in the upper soil profile compared to monoculture soybean. Differences in soil values among crop rotations were directly proportional to the total quantity of above-ground crop residues produced. On average, W-S/S, W-Fal/S, and GS/S rotations produced more than 8 Mg ha(-1) of above-ground crop residues for each 2-years cropping cycle compared with only 3 Mg ha(-1) for S/S. In the short-term. benefit of crop rotation was increased soybean yield, which would likely increase soybean profitability. In the long-term, rotations with high residue-producing crops, such as wheat and grain sorghum, significantly increase total soil C and N concentrations over time, which may further improve soil productivity. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All fights reserved.