Genetically Engineered Vaccinia Viruses As Agents for Cancer Treatment, Imaging, and Transgene Delivery.
Genetically Engineered Vaccinia Viruses As Agents for Cancer Treatment, Imaging, and Transgene Delivery.
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DOI：
10.3389/fonc.2017.00096
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Haddad D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Haddad D
尽管技术进步了，但治疗癌症的艰巨挑战仍然存在，即使是最常见的癌症，生存率也没有显著提高。溶瘤病毒治疗在各种癌症的治疗中显示出巨大的前景，由于肿瘤选择性更高，毒性更小，与传统治疗相比可能具有更强的治疗效果。它们能够优先和选择性地在癌细胞中繁殖，从而主要通过细胞裂解破坏肿瘤组织，同时使非癌组织不受伤害。几种野生型和基因工程痘苗病毒（VACV）毒株已经在临床前和临床试验中进行了测试，结果很有希望。分子生物学的深入了解和进步使得基因工程溶瘤病毒的产生更安全、更有效的治疗，包括用细胞因子和免疫刺激分子、抗血管生成药物和酶前药物治疗武装vacv，以及将vacv与常规的外部和全身放疗、化疗、免疫治疗和其他病毒株联合使用。此外，已经产生了新的溶瘤痘苗病毒株，表达报告基因，用于病毒治疗的跟踪和成像以及治疗反应的监测。需要进一步的研究来释放vacv作为未来癌症治疗的一部分的全部潜力。
Despite advances in technology, the formidable challenge of treating cancer, especially if advanced, still remains with no significant improvement in survival rates, even with the most common forms of cancer. Oncolytic viral therapies have shown great promise for the treatment of various cancers, with the possible advantages of stronger treatment efficacy compared to conventional therapy due to higher tumor selectivity, and less toxicity. They are able to preferentially and selectively propagate in cancer cells, consequently destroying tumor tissue mainly via cell lysis, while leaving non-cancerous tissues unharmed. Several wild-type and genetically engineered vaccinia virus (VACV) strains have been tested in both preclinical and clinical trials with promising results. Greater understanding and advancements in molecular biology have enabled the generation of genetically engineered oncolytic viruses for safer and more efficacious treatment, including arming VACVs with cytokines and immunostimulatory molecules, anti-angiogenic agents, and enzyme prodrug therapy, in addition to combining VACVs with conventional external and systemic radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and other virus strains. Furthermore, novel oncolytic vaccinia virus strains have been generated that express reporter genes for the tracking and imaging of viral therapy and monitoring of therapeutic response. Further study is needed to unlock VACVs’ full potential as part of the future of cancer therapy.