Characterizing metal(loid) solubility in airborne PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in Frankfurt, Germany using simulated lung fluids
Characterizing metal(loid) solubility in airborne PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in Frankfurt, Germany using simulated lung fluids
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.055
复制
发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
C. Wiseman;F. Zereini
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Wiseman;F. Zereini
本研究的目的是通过模拟肺液(人工溶酶体液和Gamble‘s溶液)的生理学提取试验，评估与交通相关的金属(LOID)S在空气中对人体健康的影响。空气中的PM(PM10、PM2.5和PM1)样本是在德国美因河畔法兰克福使用大容量采样器采集的。在提取可溶金属(Loid)组分后，用高压灰化器消化样品过滤器。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICQ-MS)测定萃取物和消化液中金属(Loid)的浓度(As、Ce、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sb、Ti和V)。所有金属(Loid)S都在可检测的浓度下出现在三个大气PM组分中。以质量计，铜是最丰富的元素，PM10和PM2.5中的平均浓度分别为105和53 ng/m~3。观察到许多金属(固体)S可溶于模拟肺液，其中铜、砷、钒和锑在空气中的总流动性最高例如，与PM100相关的所有四种元素在ALF(24小时)中的溶解度均为>；80%。显然，溶解度强烈地依赖于pH，正如用酸性ALF提取的样品较高的相对迁移率所反映的那样。鉴于它们的溶解性，本研究提供了间接证据，表明一些有毒金属(Loid)S在吸入后可能具有增强的肺毒性潜力。大气PM中多种有毒元素的共存表明，对健康风险的评估必须考虑多种元素暴露可能产生的交互影响。
The purpose of this study is to assess the solubility of traffic-related metal(loid)s associated with airborne PM of human health concern, employing a physiologically-based extraction test with simulated lung fluids (artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF) and Gamble's solution). Airborne PM (PM10, PM2.5and PM1) samples were collected in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, using a high volume sampler. Following extraction of the soluble metal(loid) fractions, sample filters were digested with a high pressure asher. Metal(loid) concentrations (As, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti and V) were determined in extracts and digests per ICP-Q-MS.All metal(loid)s occurred at detectable concentrations in the three airborne PM fractions. Copper was the most abundant element in mass terms, with mean concentrations of 105 and 53 ng/m3in PM10and PM2.5, respectively. Many of the metal(loid)s were observed to be soluble in simulated lung fluids, with Cu, As, V and Sb demonstrating the highest overall mobility in airborne PM. For instance, all four elements associated with PM10had a solubility of >80% in ALF (24 h). Clearly, solubility is strongly pH dependent, as reflected by the higher relative mobility of samples extracted with the acidic ALF.Given their demonstrated solubility, this study provides indirect evidence that a number of toxic metal(loid)s are likely to possess an enhanced pulmonary toxic potential upon their inhalation. The co-presence of many toxic elements of concern in airborne PM suggests an assessment of health risk must consider the possible interactive impacts of multi-element exposures.