Behavioural and endocrine predictors of dominance and tolerance in female common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus
Behavioural and endocrine predictors of dominance and tolerance in female common marmosets,
Callithrix jacchus
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雌性普通狨猴（Callithrix jacchus）的优势和耐受性的行为和内分泌预测因子
作者：
W. Saltzman;N. Schultz;D. Abbott
由于社会从属地位，雌性狨猴的排卵受到抑制，性行为受到抑制。这项研究考察了从属关系是否也会导致对同性陌生人攻击性的降低和顺从性的增加。32名成年女性被预先分配到8个男女混合的社会群体。研究人员在两种情况下评估了女性在与三名女性陌生人短暂对抗时的行为和肾上腺皮质反应：一种是与一名男性住在一起，另一种是生活在固定的男女混合群体中。在异性恋条件下，只有22%的被试威胁刺激女性，47%的被试接受刺激，31%的被试没有激动。这些竞争行为模式可靠地预测了雌性在混合性别群体中是成为主导还是从属。当动物被安置在已建立的社会群体中时，主导和从属的雌性动物要么对刺激动物表现出与之前相似的反应，要么变得不那么反应。血浆皮质醇水平与激动行为无关，也不会因陌生人接触测试而升高。最后，在群体形成后的前10天，在群体形成前表现出排卵期的下属雌性比没有排卵期的下属更有可能受到其主导雌性群体同伴的持续攻击。这些结果表明，雌性狨猴之间社会地位的获得与先前存在的竞争行为的个体差异密切相关，而雌性狨猴之间的耐受性取决于卵巢功能。
Abstract As a result of social subordination, female common marmosets undergo suppression of ovulation and inhibition of sexual behaviour. This study examined the possibility that subordination also results in decreased aggressiveness and increased submissiveness towards same-sex strangers. Thirty-two adult females were pre-assigned to eight mixed-sex social groups. The females' behavioural and adrenocortical responses to brief confrontations with each of three female strangers were assessed under two conditions: while subjects were pair-housed with a male and while they were living in established, mixed-sex groups. Only 22% of subjects threatened stimulus females in the heterosexual pairs condition, 47% submitted and 31% showed no agonism. These agonistic behaviour patterns reliably predicted whether a female would become dominant or subordinate in a mixed-sex group. When animals were housed in established social groups, both dominant and subordinate females either showed similar responses to stimulus animals as they did in the earlier condition or became somewhat less responsive. Plasma cortisol levels did not correlate with agonistic behaviour and were not elevated by stranger-encounter testing. Finally, in the first 10 days following group formation, subordinate females that had shown ovulatory cyclicity prior to group formation were significantly more likely to receive persistent aggression from their dominant female groupmate than subordinates that had been anovulatory. These results suggest that attainment of social status between female marmosets is closely related to pre-existing individual differences in agonistic behaviour, whereas tolerance between females depends upon ovarian function.