Delegated Proof of Reputation Consensus Mechanism for Blockchain-Enabled Distributed Carbon Emission Trading System
Delegated Proof of Reputation Consensus Mechanism for Blockchain-Enabled Distributed Carbon Emission Trading System
复制标题
基于区块链的分布式碳排放交易系统的委托信誉证明共识机制
DOI：
10.1109/access.2020.3041689
复制
发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Goh, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Zhuo;Du, Yuhao;Goh, Mark
大多数碳排放交易系统（ETS）依赖于一个集中的系统来管理交易任务，并且容易受到安全威胁。本文提出了一种基于区块链的分布式ETS (BD-ETS)，以提高系统的安全性和效率。BD-ETS将集中式碳排放许可（CEP）交易模式转变为分布式交易系统，其中交易模式基于在Hyperledger Fabric中执行的智能合约。在智能合约中，每笔交易都同时考虑了发行方的报价和信誉价值。排放企业的投票权由其声誉价值决定，声誉价值来源于企业对碳减排的贡献。为了实现CEP交易中每个节点的一致性，我们提出了一种委托声誉证明（DPoR）共识机制。与增强的委托权益证明相比，DPoR降低了恶意企业的攻击意图，并且在更快地发现恶意矿工方面表现更好，从而提高了BD-ETS的安全性。通过一个案例研究和数值模拟来说明CEP交易是如何运作的，并验证DPoR机制。
Most carbon Emission Trading Systems (ETS) rely on a centralized system to manage the transactional tasks, and are vulnerable to security threats. This article proposes a Blockchain-enabled Distributed ETS (BD-ETS) to improve the security and efficiency of the system. The BD-ETS transforms the centralized Carbon Emissions Permit (CEP) trading mode to a distributed trading system in which the trading mode is based on a smart contract performed in Hyperledger Fabric. In a smart contract, every transaction considers both the offer price and reputation value of the emitting enterprises. The voting power of the emitting enterprise is determined by its reputation value, which stems from their contributions to carbon emission reduction. To achieve consistency of every node in the CEP transactions, we propose a Delegated Proof of Reputation (DPoR) consensus mechanism. Compared to the enhanced Delegated Proof of Stake, the DPoR decreases the attack intention of malicious enterprises and performs better in finding malicious miners faster, thus improving the security of the BD-ETS. A case study and numerical simulations are developed to illustrate how the CEP trading functions, and to validate the DPoR mechanism.