Cochlear hair cells: The sound-sensing machines.
Cochlear hair cells: The sound-sensing machines.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.febslet.2015.08.030
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发表时间：
2015-11-14
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Gómez-Casati ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goutman JD;Elgoyhen AB;Gómez-Casati ME
哺乳动物内耳感觉上皮包含两种类型的机械感觉细胞：内耳毛细胞（IHC）和外耳毛细胞（OHC）。它们都把声波产生的机械力转换成电信号。在它们的顶端末端，这些细胞具有一组代表机械感应细胞器的立体纤毛。IHC负责探测声音，并通过将分级去极化转化为听觉神经纤维中的动作电位序列，将声音信息传递给大脑。OHC负责主动机械放大过程，导致哺乳动物内耳的微调和高灵敏度。这种主动放大是OHC根据膜电位变化改变细胞长度的能力的结果，并由传出抑制性神经支配控制。内侧耳蜗传出纤维，起源于脑干，直接在OHC基部突触并释放乙酰胆碱。一种非常特殊的烟碱受体，由α9α10亚基组成，参与这个突触。在这里，我们回顾了最近的知识和传入和传出突触在内耳的作用。
The sensory epithelium of the mammalian inner ear contains two types of mechanosensory cells: inner (IHC) and outer hair cells (OHC). They both transduce mechanical force generated by sound waves into electrical signals. In their apical end, these cells possess a set of stereocilia representing the mechanosensing organelles. IHC are responsible for detecting sounds and transmitting the acoustic information to the brain by converting graded depolarization into trains of action potentials in auditory nerve fibers. OHC are responsible for the active mechanical amplification process that leads to the fine tuning and high sensitivity of the mammalian inner ear. This active amplification is the consequence of the ability of OHC to alter their cell length in response to changes in membrane potential, and is controlled by an efferent inhibitory innervation. Medial olivocochlear efferent fibers, originating in the brainstem, synapse directly at the base of OHC and release acetylcholine. A very special type of nicotinic receptor, assembled by α9α10 subunits, participates in this synapse. Here we review recent knowledge and the role of both afferent and efferent synapse in the inner ear.