Teenagers talk about sex, pregnancy and contraception.
Teenagers talk about sex, pregnancy and contraception.
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青少年谈论性、怀孕和避孕。
DOI：
10.2307/2135270
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. E. Kisker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. E. Kisker
为了调查美国性活跃青少年不使用避孕药具或不一致使用避孕药具背后的原因，艾伦·古特马赫研究所（AGI）在1983年进行了一项研究，对来自美国5个城市的青少年进行了10次焦点小组讨论。焦点小组是由6至12名参与者和1名训练有素的主持人组成的小组；非正式的环境被认为鼓励更详细的行为反应，并提供对所讨论主题的定性理解。各组按性别和年龄划分，年龄分别为16 ~ 17岁和18 ~ 19岁。这些小组由单身性活跃的青少年组成，绝大多数来自中产阶级或中下层白人家庭。在录制和分析了会话之后，研究人员发现了一些不使用的常见原因。包括认为他们在性交时没有危险，对性接触缺乏准备，伴侣反对，缺乏关于避孕方法或在哪里获得避孕方法的信息，以及认为避孕方法复杂或使用起来不愉快。作者认为，相互矛盾的社会信息可能是部分原因。例如，第一次性行为往往是毫无准备的，这可能意味着社会对年轻或婚前性行为的“不良”标签。然而，这与宣传性冒险刺激的广告相结合。这种矛盾心理造成了尴尬和困惑，因此避孕服务提供者需要认识到这些年轻消费者的需要，并对他们的需要变得敏感。作者提出了一些建议来帮助减少这种矛盾心理：提高中学性教育的内容和质量；告知年轻人他们对子女母亲的法律责任；选择和训练学生群体作为计划生育信息的同伴来源；建立鼓励父母和孩子在性问题上交流的项目。他们的希望是减少青少年的负面情绪，并增加有效的避孕措施。
To investigate the reasons behind the high levels of nonuse or inconsistent use of contraceptives among sexually active adolescents in the US the Alan Guttmacher Institute (AGI) undertook a 1983 study using 10 focus group discussions with teenagers from 5 US cities. Focus groups are small groups of 6 to 12 participants and 1 trained moderator; the informal setting is believed to encourage more detailed behavioral responses and provides a qualitative understanding of the topics addressed. The groups were segregated according to sex and age with the ages from 16 to 17 and 18 to 19. The groups were composed of single sexually active teenagers overwhelmingly from middle or lower middle class white families. After taping and analyzing the sessions the researchers found some common reasons given for nonuse. Included were the belief they were not at risk at the time of their intercourse lack of preparation for a sexual encounter partners objections lack of information about birth control methods or where to access them and the belief that contraceptives were complicated or unpleasant to use. The authors suggest that conflicting societal messages may be in part responsible. For example 1st sexual encounters are often unprepared for and may signify the "bad" label offered by society for sex at a young age or before marriage. Yet this is coupled with advertisements promoting the excitement of sexual adventure. Embarrassment and confusion result from such ambivalence creating a need for contraceptive service providers to recognize and become sensitive to the needs of these young consumers. The authors offer several suggestions to help diminish this ambivalence: elevating the content and quality of sex education in secondary schools; informing young men of their legal responsibilities to the mothers of their offspring; selecting and training groups of students to serve as peer sources of family planning information; and instituting programs that encourage parent and child communication on sexual matters. Their hope is to reduce the negative feelings and to incease effective contraceptive practice among adolescents.