Technologies and Health Inequities
Technologies and Health Inequities
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054802
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kaufman, Rebecca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Timmermans, Stefan;Kaufman, Rebecca
卫生技术旨在改善个人和人口健康，但也可能加剧健康差距。专注于技术的具体设计特点，它们的可用性，以及它们的使用，我们提出了一个概念框架，以研究如何卫生技术可能会使一些群体比其他人更受益的基本原因的理论相结合的技术在实践中的方法。我们研究了与健康不平等相关的三类技术：曾经先进的技术，如肾透析和终末期肾病移植，这些技术一直受到稀缺和公平分配问题的困扰，产生种族差异;备受期待的精准医疗有望将重点从人口转向个性化医疗;和数字技术，这可能预示着医疗保健的民主化。
Health technologies aim to improve individual and population health, but they may also exacerbate health disparities. Focusing on the specific design features of technologies, their availability, and their use, we present a conceptual framework to examine how health technologies may benefit some groups more than others by combining the theory of fundamental causes with a technology-in-practice approach. We examine three classes of technologies that have been associated with health inequities: once-advanced technologies such as kidney dialysis and transplantation for end-stage renal disease, which have been plagued by issues of scarcity and fair distribution, generating racial disparities; the highly anticipated precision medicine promising to change the focus from population to individualized medicine; and digital technologies, which may herald a democratization of health care.