Functional and anatomical relationships among the amygdala, basal forebrain, ventral striatum, and cortex - An integrative discussion
Functional and anatomical relationships among the amygdala, basal forebrain, ventral striatum, and cortex - An integrative discussion
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09281.x
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gray, TS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gray, TS
最近的两篇论文质疑杏仁核作为一个功能和解剖上独立的实体的概念。斯旺森和彼得罗维奇甚至声称“杏仁核既不是结构单位，也不是功能单位。”这一新的概念源于这样一个事实，即杏仁核是一种结构，其解剖联系和神经化学特征与颞叶和基底前脑的相邻部分的相关性更强，而不是其自身的独特特征。这是一个新兴的“杏仁核”假设概念，似乎在本书的许多部分重复出现，值得在未来进一步研究。这里描述的基础前脑和大脑皮层回路似乎对一系列行为/过程至关重要，这些行为/过程可以统称为认知-情绪。例如，这将包括唤醒、注意力、感觉处理、强化，最后是联想学习、决策和记忆。这些回路共同影响着生物体的情绪、动机和认知状态。越来越多的研究表明，对大脑的小范围和局部操作可以导致同样微妙和特定的缺陷，这些缺陷与解剖电路的可定义部分、神经递质和基底前脑结构的受体有关。这些研究一直受到伦纳特·海默和他的同事们精细的神经解剖学和神经化学研究的指导和影响。对这些研究的解释开始揭示出明显的缺陷，这些缺陷为许多精神和病理退行性疾病提供了解释和潜在的治疗方法。
Two recent papers have questioned the concept of the amygdala as a functional and anatomically separate entity. Swanson and Petrovich go so far as to state that" the amygdala is neither a structural nor a functional unit." This novel concept is derived from the fact that the amygdala is a structure whose anatomical connections and neurochemical features are more strongly interrelated to adjacent parts of the temporal lobe and basal forebrain than to unique characteristics of its own. This is an emerging hypothetical concept of the" amygdala" that seems to repeat itself in many parts of this volume and merits further examination in the future. The basal forebrain and cortical circuitry described here seem to be critical for a set of behaviors/processes that could be collectively described as cognitive-emotive. For example, this would include arousal, attention, sensory processing, reinforcement, and finally associative learning, decision making, and memory. Collectively this circuitry influences the emotional, motivational, and cognitive state of an organism. More and more studies are demonstrating that small and localized manipulations of the brain can result in equally subtle and specific deficits that are associated with definable parts of the anatomical circuitry, neurotransmitters, and receptors of basal forebrain structures. These studies have been guided and influenced by the refined neuroanatomical and neurochemical investigations of Lennart Heimer and his colleagues. Interpretations of these studies are beginning to uncover distinct deficits that suggest explanations and potential treatments for many psychiatric and pathological degenerative disorders.