Spider assemblages within greenspaces of a deindustrialized urban landscape
Spider assemblages within greenspaces of a deindustrialized urban landscape
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DOI：
10.1007/s11252-014-0430-8
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Gardiner, Mary M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burkman, Caitlin E.;Gardiner, Mary M.
美国中西部的许多城市都经历了严重的经济衰退和人口流失。这种去工业化导致了数千英亩的空地被保留为草地栖息地。居住在这些社区内的社区已经概念化了这块土地的再利用战略，包括城市农业和创建当地种植园的小公园。在这项为期两年的研究中，我们研究了空地转换对居民区空地、社区花园和城市周边公园系统中种植的草原蜘蛛的影响。在研究进行时，在以前空置的土地上种植草原并不常见，因此公园系统内的那些草原可能会成为未来种植的基础。我们发现，保留的空地包含了数量最多的蜘蛛群落，其中以耐扰栖息地通才物种为主。社区花园中的蜘蛛数量较少，但与空地相比，蜘蛛的聚集略有增加。在种植的草原上也发现了类似的低数量，但在所研究的绿地中，这种组合是最多样化的。我们还对比了科和属水平的结果，以评估与未来研究相关的分类充分性，发现属水平对于阐明城市土地利用对这些蜘蛛群落的影响是重要的。研究表明，蜘蛛是考察城市绿地管理和振兴的重要干扰指标群，绿地设计的变化会影响生物多样性和群落组成。
Many Midwestern cities in the United States have experienced high levels of economic decline and population loss. This deindustrialization has led to thousands of acres of vacant land maintained as grassy habitats. The communities living within these neighborhoods have conceptualized reutilization strategies for this land, including urban agriculture and the creation of small parks of native plantings. In this 2-year study, we examined the impacts of vacant land conversion on spiders within residential vacant lots, community gardens, and planted prairies within the peri-urban park system. At the time of the study, planted prairies on previously vacant land were not common, so those within the park system may serve as a foundation for future plantings. We found that maintained vacant lots contained the most numerous spider assemblages, which was dominated by disturbance-tolerant habitat generalist species. Community gardens contained numerically fewer spiders but a slightly richer assemblage than vacant lots. Similarly low numbers were also found in planted prairies but the assemblage was the most diverse of the greenspaces examined. We also contrasted results at the family versus genus level in order to assess the taxonomic sufficiency relevant for future studies, and found that genus level was important for elucidating the effects of urban land use on these spider assemblages. From this research, we conclude that spiders are an important indicator group of disturbance when examining urban greenspace management and revitalization, and that alteration in greenspace design will influence biodiversity and assemblage composition.