Different flavors of X-chromosome inactivation in mammals
Different flavors of X-chromosome inactivation in mammals
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ceb.2013.03.001
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
Gribnau, Joost
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dupont, Catherine;Gribnau, Joost
在有袋类哺乳动物中，两性间X连锁基因产物的剂量补偿最终导致雌性细胞中两条X染色体中的一条失活。多年来，小鼠一直是研究胎盘哺乳动物（真兽类）中这种X染色体失活（XCI）过程的首选动物模型。与有袋类动物（后兽类）中父本遗传的X染色体（Xp）的印记失活类似，在小鼠早期发育过程中Xp也会失活。在这个真兽类模型中，原始内胚层（PE）和滋养外胚层（TE）的细胞衍生物将继续表现出这种印记形式的XCI。从小鼠上胚层发育而来的细胞会重新激活Xp，随后以随机方式启动Xp或母本遗传的Xm的XCI。然而，对其他真兽类和后兽类中XCI的研究表明，XCI的形式和时间存在明显差异。本综述从这种比较的角度强调并讨论了印记XCI和随机XCI。
Dosage compensation of X-linked gene products between the sexes in therians has culminated in the inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in female cells. Over the years, the mouse has been the preferred animal model to study this X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) process in placental mammals (eutherians). Similar to the imprinted inactivation of the paternally inherited X chromosome (Xp) in marsupials (methatherians), the Xp is inactivated during early mouse development. In this eutherian model, cell derivatives of the primitive endoderm (PE) and trophectoderm (TE) will continue to display this imprinted form of XCI. Cells developing from the mouse epiblast will reactivate the Xp, and subsequently initiate XCI of either the Xp or the maternally inherited Xm, in a random manner. Examination of XCI in other eutherians and in metatherians, however, indicates clear differences in the form and timing of XCI. This review highlights and discusses imprinted and random XCI from such a comparative viewpoint.