Taxonomy for Humans or Computers? Cognitive Pragmatics for Big Data
Taxonomy for Humans or Computers? Cognitive Pragmatics for Big Data
复制标题
人类分类法还是计算机分类法？
DOI：
10.1007/s13752-017-0259-5
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Franz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Sterner;N. Franz
对大数据的批评集中在表明更多不一定更好，从某种意义上说，数据在脱离上下文并汇总在一起时可能会失去价值。下一步是将对汇总陷阱的认识纳入数据基础设施和机构的设计。一个常见的策略通过提高我们识别和分类数据的约定的精度来最大限度地减少聚合错误。作为对比，我们认为，精确性和模糊性之间存在务实的权衡，这是设计有效解决方案以生成生物多样性大数据的关键。我们专注于理论依赖的重要性，作为一个来源的模糊性，在分类命名，因此实施一个单一的，长期的解决方案，以存储和访问有意义的生物标本集的持续挑战。我们认为，模糊性确实有一个积极的作用，在科学进步中作为一种工具，有效地象征多个方面的类群和调解相互冲突的假设之间的性质。更深入地理解科学语言和通信系统的优点--精确性和模糊性的权衡和综合，为实现健全的生物多样性大数据服务提供了富有成效的下一步。
Criticism of big data has focused on showing that more is not necessarily better, in the sense that data may lose their value when taken out of context and aggregated together. The next step is to incorporate an awareness of pitfalls for aggregation into the design of data infrastructure and institutions. A common strategy minimizes aggregation errors by increasing the precision of our conventions for identifying and classifying data. As a counterpoint, we argue that there are pragmatic trade-offs between precision and ambiguity that are key to designing effective solutions for generating big data about biodiversity. We focus on the importance of theory-dependence as a source of ambiguity in taxonomic nomenclature and hence a persistent challenge for implementing a single, long-term solution to storing and accessing meaningful sets of biological specimens. We argue that ambiguity does have a positive role to play in scientific progress as a tool for efficiently symbolizing multiple aspects of taxa and mediating between conflicting hypotheses about their nature. Pursuing a deeper understanding of the trade-offs and synthesis of precision and ambiguity as virtues of scientific language and communication systems then offers a productive next step for realizing sound, big biodiversity data services.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1423041112
发表时间：
2015-10-13
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Hinchliff, Cody E.;Smith, Stephen A.;Cranston, Karen A.
通讯作者：
Cranston, Karen A.