Non-target effects of insect biocontrol agents and trends in host specificity since 1985.
Non-target effects of insect biocontrol agents and trends in host specificity since 1985.
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DOI：
10.1079/pavsnnr201611044
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
van Driesche, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Driesche, R. van;Hoddle, M.;van Driesche, R.
寄生性天敌和捕食性节肢动物对入侵昆虫的非靶标影响包括5种类型：（1）对本地昆虫的直接攻击;（2）负的食物网效应，如对猎物的竞争、表观竞争或取代本地物种;（3）有利于非靶标物种的正的食物网效应;（4）本地物种与引入的天敌杂交;（5）对引入的杂草生防剂的攻击。例子和讨论的影响的共性。在最近的三十年里（1985-2015年），对这一时期引进的158种寄生蜂的寄主范围信息的文献分析表明，在第三个十年，（2005-2015年），使具有属级（60%）或种级（8%）特异性指数的制剂占优势与第一个和第二个十年相比，只有12%被分配了家族水平或以上的特异性指数，当时50%和40%的引入具有家族水平或以上的特异性分类，只有21-27（1985-1994和1995-2004）或1-11%（1985-1994和1995-2004）具有种水平特异性。在这30年中，由于缺乏信息，11-12%的引种无法以这种方式分类。建议今后采取行动，以改善这一记录：（1）区分宿主使用和人口一级的影响;（2）制定国家一级的相关信息的在线摘要;（3）与保护伙伴计划生物控制项目;（4）进行释放后的实际影响的比较，预测风险的基础上，检疫研究。
Non-target impacts of parasitoids and predaceous arthropods used for classical biological control of invasive insects include five types of impact: (1) direct attacks on native insects; (2) negative foodweb effects, such as competition for prey, apparent competition, or displacement of native species; (3) positive foodweb effects that benefited non-target species; (4) hybridization of native species with introduced natural enemies; and (5) attacks on introduced weed biocontrol agents. Examples are presented and the commonness of effects discussed. For the most recent three decades (1985-2015), analysis of literature on the host range information for 158 species of parasitoids introduced in this period showed a shift in the third decade (2005-2015) towards a preponderance of agents with an index of genus-level (60%) or species-level (8%) specificity (with only 12% being assigned a family-level or above index of specificity) compared with the first and second decades, when 50 and 40% of introductions had family level or above categorizations of specificity and only 21-27 (1985-1994 and 1995-2004, respectively) with genus or 1-11% (1985-1994 and 1995-2004, respectively) with species-level specificity. In all three decades, 11-12% of introductions could not be classified in this manner due to lack of information. Recommendations for future actions to improve this record are made: (1) distinguish host use from population-level impact; (2) develop country-level online summaries of relevant information; (3) plan biological control projects with conservation partners; and (4) conduct post-release comparisons of actual impact to predicted risk based on quarantine studies.