Quantifying the spatial variability of soil physical and chemical properties in relation to mitigation of diffuse water pollution
Quantifying the spatial variability of soil physical and chemical properties in relation to mitigation of diffuse water pollution
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.10.008
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Brazier, Richard E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glendell, Miriam;Granger, Steve J.;Brazier, Richard E.
了解土地利用影响下土壤性质的空间变异性对于评估解决农业漫漫性水污染措施的有效性至关重要。然而，尽管越来越强调在流域尺度上综合实施土地利用缓解措施，但对关键土壤养分空间变异性的基线景观尺度评价仍然很少。本研究采用高分辨率地统计学方法表征土壤容重（BD）、土壤总碳（TC）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、无机磷（IP）、有机磷（OP）、稳定氮同位素比（δ N-15）、C:N比、两个具有不同土地用途（农业和半自然）的集水区的碳储存和氮储存，这些集水区受到有针对性的管理干预，以减少洪水风险和改善水质。除容重和三角洲N-15外，农用流域各土壤性质的空间依赖性均强于半自然流域。容重、TP、IP、OP、C:N比、δ N-15和碳储量在农业流域表现出较长的区间或空间自相关性。除IP和δ N-15外，两流域土壤性质的集中趋势（中位数和平均值）也存在显著差异。土壤性质之间的空间相关性指出了造成观察到的差异的机制，而土壤变量的krigged表面确定了最有可能的关键来源区域，用于有针对性的土地管理干预，以改善水质。可耕地和集约化草地被确定为“高影响”的土地利用，与土壤性质的负面变化和增加的弥漫性水污染有关，而沼地是“低影响”的土地利用，与改善的水质有关。与全国土壤调查数据的比较表明，虽然它可以用于两个研究流域的碳和全磷储量的广泛特征，但它低估了某些土壤类型和土地利用中关键土壤性质的空间变异性。由于土壤空间异质性的恢复可能需要几十年的时间，因此在未来的流域尺度监测方案设计中应包括高分辨率地统计学方法，以便为流域管理策略提供信息，并阐明实现景观尺度土壤性质改善和相应生态系统服务的时间框架。(C) 2013 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Understanding spatial variability of soil properties in response to land-use impacts is essential for evaluating the effectiveness of measures taken to address diffuse water pollution from agriculture. However, despite the growing emphasis on integrated catchment-scale implementation of land-use mitigation measures, the baseline landscape-scale evaluation of the spatial variability of key soil nutrients remains scarce. This study employs a high resolution geostatistical approach to characterise the spatial variability of parameters, including soil bulk density (BD), total soil carbon (TC), nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (IP), organic phosphorus (OP), stable nitrogen isotope ratio (delta N-15), C:N ratio, carbon storage and nitrogen storage in two study catchments with contrasting land uses (agricultural and semi-natural) that are subject to targeted management interventions to reduce flood risk and improve water quality. We found a stronger degree of spatial dependence of all soil properties in the agricultural than the semi-natural catchment except for bulk density and delta N-15. Furthermore, bulk density, TP, IP, OP, C:N ratio, delta N-15 and carbon storage showed a longer range or spatial auto-correlation in the agricultural catchment. The central tendency (median and mean) of all soil properties was also significantly different between the two catchments, with the exception of IP and delta N-15. The spatial correlations between the soil properties pointed to the mechanisms that were responsible for the observed differences, whilst the krigged surfaces of soil variables identified most likely critical source areas for targeted land management interventions to improve water quality. Arable and intensive grasslands were identified as 'high-impact' land uses, associated with negative alteration of soil properties and increased diffuse water pollution, whilst moorland was a 'low impact' land use associated with improved water quality. A comparison with the national soil survey dataset shows that whilst it can be relied upon for the broad characterisation of carbon and TP stocks in the two study catchments, it underestimates the spatial variability of key soil properties in certain soil types and land uses. As the restoration of soil spatial heterogeneity may take several decades, a high resolution geostatistical approach should be included in the future design of catchment-scale monitoring schemes to inform catchment management strategies and elucidate the time frame over which landscape scale improvements in soil properties and corresponding ecosystem services can be achieved. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.