Future directions for biodiversity conservation in managed forests: indicator species, impact studies and monitoring programs
Future directions for biodiversity conservation in managed forests: indicator species, impact studies and monitoring programs
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DOI：
10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00406-x
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发表时间：
1999-03-22
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Lindenmayer, DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lindenmayer, DB
指标物种概念的有效性和使用、伐木影响研究的设计、长期监测方案的必要性以及如何设计这些方案、以及养护战略和经济成本之间的权衡，这些都是对管理森林中生物养护的未来方向至关重要的主题。由于不可能监测物种丰富的森林环境中的所有分类群，指标物种概念可对生物多样性养护作出重要贡献。然而，这一概念还有待通过验证指示物种与假设具有指示性的实体之间的关系来进行严格检验。如果不正确地应用指示物种概念或选择不适当的物种作为指示物种，可能会产生严重的负面后果。长期监测不仅对评估指标物种等概念的有效性至关重要，而且对评价其他很少经过检验的管理森林养护办法也至关重要，例如：（1）林分水平管理战略，以创造和维持构成野生动物关键生境组成部分的关键结构和植物区系特征（2）确保维持景观异质性和连通性的景观层面战略，例如建立河岸保护区和野生动物走廊网络，以及（3）景观和区域层面的管理，包括确定保护区。虽然经常讨论监测的重要性，但需要更多的方案来收集所需的数据，为制定生态可持续森林管理做法提供信息。将林业活动作为一个实验，并将精心设计的监测方案覆盖在这种干扰机制上，是积累关于伐木对生物多样性影响以及如何减轻这种影响的关键信息的一种有用方法。然而，需要进行一些重大改革，以促使对监测方案作出更大的承诺。其中包括：（1）确定创新的方法，以确保在典型的政治和体制时间框架之外获得长期资助，（2）教育资助机构，以确保他们认识到有用的结果可能需要很长时间才能获得，监测不是二流科学，（3）科学界更多地参与监测计划的设计和执行，以及，（4）加强研究人员之间以及研究人员与管理人员之间的联系，以提高监测研究的质量和有效性，并确保这些项目的结果纳入管理实践。(C)1999 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。
The validity and use of the indicator species concept, the design of logging impact studies, the need for long-term monitoring programs and how they might be designed, and, trade-offs between conservation strategies and economic costs are topics critical to the future direction of biological conservation in managed forests. The indicator species concept can make an important contribution to biodiversity conservation because of the impossibility of monitoring all taxa in species-rich forest environments. However, the concept has yet to be rigourously tested by validating relationships between an indicator species and entities for which it is hypothesized to be indicative. There can be serious negative consequences if the indicator species concept is incorrectly applied or inappropriate species are selected as indicators. Long-term monitoring will be critical for assessing not only the validity of concepts like indicator species, but also for appraising other rarely tested approaches to conservation in managed forests such as: (1) stand level management strategies to create and maintain key structural and floristic attributes that form critical habitat components for wildlife (e.g. large living and dead trees), (2) landscape level strategies to ensure the maintenance of landscape heterogeneity and connectivity, such as the establishment of networks of riparian protection zones and wildlife corridors, and, (3) landscape and regional level management involving the identification of reserves. While the importance of monitoring is often discussed, more programs are needed to gather the data needed to inform the development of ecologically sustainable forest management practices. Treating forestry activities as an experiment and overlaying well-designed monitoring pro,srams on such disturbance regimes is one useful way to accumulate key information on the effects of logging on biodiversity and how to mitigate such impacts. However, some major changes will be needed to instigate greater commitment to monitoring programs. These include: (1) identifying innovative ways to secure long-term funding that can be guaranteed beyond typical political and institutional timeframes, (2) education of funding bodies to ensure they recognise that useful results may take a prolonged period to obtain and that monitoring is not a second-rate science, (3) greater participation in the design and execution of monitoring programs by the scientific community, and, (4) stronger links among researchers and between researchers and managers to both improve the quality and validity of monitoring studies and to ensure that the results of such programs are incorporated into management practices. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.